Download or read book A Comparison of Oral Form Perception of Adults who Stutter and Adults who Do Not Stutter as Measured by Oral Stereognosis written by Heidi Searcy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temporal Factors Associated with Measurements of Oral Stereognosis written by Kenneth Gordon Smith and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FNIRS Measures of Prefrontal Cortex Lateralization During Stuttered and Fluency Enhanced Speech in Adults Who Stutter written by Danra M. Kazenski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study compared lateralization of cortical activation patterns in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adults who stutter (AWS) and typical speakers (TS) as measured with functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in habitual and fluency-enhanced speaking conditions. Participants were AWS (n = 11) and gender- and age-matched TS (n = 11) who completed speaking tasks in three condition blocks: (1) habitual speech using no speaking strategy (2) prolonged speech after receiving short-term training in fluency-shaping strategy-use (3) syllable-timed speech after being trained to speak in rhythm with a metronome at 92 beats per minute. The three primary dependent variables were mean change in HbO (oxygenation) relative to resting baseline in the right and left PFC hemispheres and a Laterality Index (L-R)/(L+R) calculated from these values. Two primary hypotheses were tested: (1) AWS will present with greater right-hemisphere PFC oxygenation relative to TS in a habitual or everyday speaking task (2) AWS will present with reduced right-hemisphere PFC activation (leftward shift in laterality more similar to TS) during fluency-enhanced speech strategy tasks relative to a habitual speech task. Real-time stuttered speech measures using fNIRS indicated greater effortfulness of speech production in AWS when speaking fluently and disfluently as measured by greater bilateral change in PFC HbO relative to TS. AWS laterality did not differ from TS during everyday conversation and did not significantly change when using fluency-enhancing strategies, which was counter to the hypotheses. The TS group presented with significantly greater leftward PFC HbO in the metronome condition compared to AWS. Prolonged speech and metronome-timed speech seem to be associated with different activation patterns in the PFC for AWS and for TS. Results suggest an alternative explanation for compensatory activation in AWS during speech production, such that AWS present with greater overall activation in both PFC hemispheres relative to TS which results in greater right-sided laterality than TS. Future long-term studies on adults receiving prolonged speech treatment and examination of similar measures in young children who stutter may reveal more about the compensatory versus causal nature of stuttering.
Download or read book Developmental Study of Oral Stereognosis written by Eugene Thomas McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Auditory Processing in Adults and Children who Stutter written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of four studies investigating the hypothesis that adults and children who stutter differ from their same-age fluent peers in the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology underlying auditory speech processing. It has been consistently reported that adults who stutter demonstrate unique functional neural activation patterns during speech production, including reduced auditory activation, relative to nonstutterers. The extent to which these functional differences are accompanied by abnormal morphology of the brain in stutterers is unclear. The first study in this dissertation examined the neuroanatomical differences in speech-related cortex between adults who do and do not stutter using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analyses. Adults who stutter were found to have localized grey matter volume increases in auditory and motor speech related cortex. The second study extended this line of research to children who stutter, who were found to have localized grey matter volume decreases in motor speech related cortex. Together, these studies suggest an abnormal trajectory of regional grey matter development in motor speech cortex of people who stutter. The last two studies investigated the mechanism underlying the repeated findings of reduced auditory activation during speech in people who stutter in more detail. Magnetoencephalography was used to investigate the hypothesis that people who stutter have increased speech induced suppression of early evoked auditory responses. Adults and children who stutter demonstrated typical levels of speech induced suppression relative to fluent peers. However, adults and children who stutter showed differences from peers in the timing of cortical auditory responses. Taken together, the studies demonstrate structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions related to auditory processing and point to the possibility that people who stutter have difficulty forming the neural representations.
Download or read book Clinical Implications of Oral Stereognosis written by Leslie Heflin Sanders and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Syntactic Comparison of Oral Vs Written Language in Stutterers and Non stutterers written by Gary Lee Ward and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oral Stereognostic Differences Between Apraxics Dysarthrics Aphasics and Normals written by Lois Ann Teixeira and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Auditory Processing in Adults and Children who Stutter written by Deryk Scott Beal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of four studies investigating the hypothesis that adults and children who stutter differ from their same-age fluent peers in the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology underlying auditory speech processing. It has been consistently reported that adults who stutter demonstrate unique functional neural activation patterns during speech production, including reduced auditory activation, relative to nonstutterers. The extent to which these functional differences are accompanied by abnormal morphology of the brain in stutterers is unclear. The first study in this dissertation examined the neuroanatomical differences in speech-related cortex between adults who do and do not stutter using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analyses. Adults who stutter were found to have localized grey matter volume increases in auditory and motor speech related cortex. The second study extended this line of research to children who stutter, who were found to have localized grey matter volume decreases in motor speech related cortex. Together, these studies suggest an abnormal trajectory of regional grey matter development in motor speech cortex of people who stutter. The last two studies investigated the mechanism underlying the repeated findings of reduced auditory activation during speech in people who stutter in more detail. Magnetoencephalography was used to investigate the hypothesis that people who stutter have increased speech induced suppression of early evoked auditory responses. Adults and children who stutter demonstrated typical levels of speech induced suppression relative to fluent peers. However, adults and children who stutter showed differences from peers in the timing of cortical auditory responses. Taken together, the studies demonstrate structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions related to auditory processing and point to the possibility that people who stutter have difficulty forming the neural representations of speech sounds necessary for fluent speech production.
Download or read book Multimodal Nonvocal Nonword Matching in Adults who Stutter written by Megann Nicole McGill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant data suggest that phonological working memory (PWM) is impaired in adults who stutter (e.g., Byrd, McGill, Usler, 2015; Byrd, Sheng, Bernstein Ratner, Gkalitsiou, 2015; Byrd, Vallely, Anderson, & Sussman, 2012; McGill, Sussman, Byrd, 2016). Some researchers have argued that the differences observed are driven by deficits in auditory processing as opposed to a core deficit in PWM (Hampton & Weber-Fox, 2008). This exclusive focus on auditory processing does not take into account results from studies that demonstrate PWM deficits in persons who stutter when auditory stimuli are not employed (e.g., McGill et al., 2016; Weber-Fox, Spencer, Spruill & Smith, 2004). No study has investigated PWM in persons who do and do not stutter on tasks that directly compare visual to auditory input performance differences. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate PWM in adults who do and do not stutter using multimodal nonvocal nonword conditions including visual to visual, visual to auditory, and auditory to visual tasks. Data were coded for accuracy, manual reaction time, and error type. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between talker group, manual reaction time, accuracy, error types, and speed-accuracy tradeoff within and across conditions. Adults who stutter, compared to adults who do not stutter, demonstrated significantly decreased accuracy and increased manual reaction time on all nonvocal nonword conditions. Additionally, adults who stutter were significantly more likely to select a substitution foil compared to an accurate response than adults who do not stutter. Finally, neither adults who stutter nor adults who do not stutter demonstrated a speed-accuracy tradeoff. Results from the present study do not support the auditory exclusive argument posited in previous research. Regardless of input modality, PWM appears to be uniquely impaired for adults who stutter compared to adults who do not stutter.
Download or read book Auditory motor Integration Influences on Speech Motor Control and Fluency a Comparison of Normally Fluent Speakers and People who Stutter written by Hee-Cheong Chon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of this dissertation was to identify the effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on speech motor stability and speech fluency in normally fluent adults (PWNS) and to compare them with effects on adults who exhibit persistent stuttering. If the auditory processing influences differently the two groups, it might shed light on the basic role of auditory-to-motor integration in speech production. Differences in auditory feedback dependency were also expected between normally fluent individuals who are highly susceptible to DAF and normally fluent individuals who are minimally affected by DAF. Three studies were conducted to (I) subgroup 62 normally fluent males and females based on their responses to DAF during spontaneous conversational speaking and reading tasks, (II) compare responses to DAF between 15 normally fluent adults who showed high stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) under DAF (High-SLD group), 15 normally fluent adults who showed low SLD under DAF (Low-SLD group), and 15 adults who stutter, and (III) compare the specific effects of DAF on speech motor stability and movement patterns (lower-lip movement) in 11 normally fluent adults versus 11 adults who stutter. Study I revealed that normally fluent participants, as a group, increased the amount of SLD and speech errors (SE), and decreased articulation rate (AR) when speaking under DAF relative to speaking under amplified non-delayed condition (aNAF). Sex had a limited differential effect on other disfluencies (OD) and AR whereas task effects were seen in OD, SE, and AR. Neither sex nor task, however, did influence SLD. Three subgroups, Low, Middle, and High Responders were identified. There were clear differences between the Low and High Responders in that the Low Responders exhibited smaller numbers of SLD and SE as well as faster AR than the High Responders. The Middle Responders revealed task dependency, showing different responses than those exhibited by the Low and High Responders. The results of Study II showed that people who stutter did not reduce SLD counts under DAF condition, a finding that deviates from reports of previous studies. PWS also exhibited higher mean number of SLD than the normally fluent Low-SLD group but similar to that of normally fluent High-SLD group. For all groups, the number of SE was higher and AR was slower under DAF than aNAF. PWS showed larger individual variability in responses to aNAF compared to natural feedback conditions in that some PWS reduced SLD under aNAF condition. Study III revealed significant difference between PWS and PWNS in speech kinematic stabilities, showing that PWS exhibited higher spatio-temporal index (i.e., lower speech motor stability) than PWNS across auditory feedback conditions in four utterance stimuli. PWS, however, yielded higher speech movement stability under aNAF and 25ms-DAF in longer stimuli compared to natural feedback condition. There was no group difference in movement displacement and velocity for opening-closing sequential movements but the patterns were different in each group. PWNS showed lower displacement and velocity under aNAF and DAF compared to natural feedback condition for both opening and closing movements whereas PWS showed higher displacement under DAF than aNAF condition and higher velocity under nNAF than 25ms-DAF. Normally fluent people showed shorter movement duration and faster articulation rate than PWS across auditory feedback and stimuli. This dissertation study has demonstrated different influences of auditory feedback on speech motor control in normally fluent adults and adults who stutter. In both groups, individual variability was obvious. In normally fluent adults, diverse responses to DAF could be explained with different auditory feedback dependency for ongoing speech articulatory production. PWS were more dependent on auditory feedback for speech production, and auditory-to-motor integration under aNAF and short delay feedback conditions helped them to improve speech motor stability.
Download or read book Diagnostic Methods in Speech Pathology written by Wendell Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech pathology.
Download or read book Pediatric Primary Care E Book written by Catherine E. Burns and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 1435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get an in-depth look at pediatric primary care through the eyes of a Nurse Practitioner! Pediatric Primary Care, 6th Edition guides readers through the process of assessing, managing, and preventing health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Key topics include developmental theory, issues of daily living, the health status of children today, and diversity and cultural considerations. This sixth edition also features a wealth of new content and updates — such as a new chapter on pediatric pharmacology, full-color design and illustrations, new QSEN integration, updated coverage of the impact of the Affordable Care Act, a refocused chapter on practice management, and more — to keep readers up to date on the latest issues affecting practice today. Comprehensive content provides a complete foundation in the primary care of children from the unique perspective of the Nurse Practitioner and covers the full spectrum of health conditions seen in the primary care of children, emphasizing both prevention and management. In-depth guidance on assessing and managing pediatric health problems covers patients from infancy through adolescence. Four-part organization includes 1) an introductory unit on the foundations of global pediatric health, child and family health assessment, and cultural perspectives for pediatric primary care; 2) a unit on managing child development; 3) a unit on health promotion and management; and 4) a unit on disease management. Content devoted to issues of daily living covers issues that are a part of every child's growth — such as nutrition and toilet training — that could lead to health problems unless appropriate education and guidance are given. Algorithms are used throughout the book to provide a concise overview of the evaluation and management of common disorders. Resources for providers and families are also included throughout the text for further information. Expert editor team well is well-versed in the scope of practice and knowledge base of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNPs) and Family Nurse Practitioners (FNPs).
Download or read book Articulation Disorders written by John E. Bernthal and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1981 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
