Download or read book A Comparison of Behavioral and Auditory Brainstem Response Measures of Conductive Hearing Loss in Humans written by Evan M. Hill and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is an electrophysiological measure of hearing commonly used to detect hearing loss. Indeed, comparisons of ABR and behavioral thresholds have indicated that the two measures are, on average, highly correlated. However, recent research using rats has indicated that although the ABR may be correlated with behavioral measures of hearing, it does not reliably measure the degree of sensorineural threshold shift caused by exposure to loud sound. Considering these findings, the purpose of this study was to determine if the ABR can reliably estimate the degree of threshold shift caused by a conductive hearing loss. This was done by measuring the ABR and behavioral threshold shifts caused by placing an earplug in the ears of normal human observers. The results indicated that although the ABR was fairly accurate in estimating mean threshold shift for a group, it did not accurately estimate individual threshold shifts.
Download or read book A Comparison of Behavioral and Auditory Brainstem Response Measures of Hearing in the Laboratory Rat Rattus Norvegicus written by Evan M. Hill and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic measure of an animal's hearing is the behavioral, pure-tone audiogram, which shows an animal's sensitivity to pure tones throughout its hearing range. Because obtaining a behavioral audiogram on an animal can take months, the tone-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) is often used instead to obtain thresholds. Although the tone-evoked ABR is obtained quickly and with relative ease, it does not accurately reflect an animal's behavioral sensitivity to pure tones. Because several lines of evidence suggested that using narrow-band noise to evoke the ABR might give a more accurate measure, ABR thresholds evoked by one-octave noise bands and short-duration tones (tone pips) were compared in rats to determine which most closely estimated the animals' behavioral, pure-tone thresholds. The results indicated that although the ABR thresholds evoked by octave-band noise (noise-evoked ABR) were a closer match to behavioral thresholds than those evoked by tone pips (tone-evoked ABR), absolute thresholds still did not provide a sufficiently close estimate of the behavioral audiogram. However, when corrected for the mean difference between the noise-evoked ABR and behavioral thresholds, the noise-evoked ABR did show the potential for estimating high-frequency hearing sensitivity. It should be noted, this finding was a post hoc observation, and requires replication. Three additional findings of this study were: (1) an improved behavioral measure of low-frequency hearing in the laboratory rat, (2) the unexpected finding that damage to the middle ear portion of one ear resulted in transient increased behavioral thresholds for high frequencies in the other ear, and (3) signs of age-related, high-frequency hearing loss that occurred between 14 and 19 months of age.
Download or read book Hearing Loss written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-12-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
Download or read book The Use of Simulation Techniques to Investigate the Effects of Conductive Hearing Loss on the Auditory Brainstem Response written by Molly Bishop and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A click-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) was recorded on 28 normal hearing adult participants to determine the effects of different degrees of conductive hearing loss on the response properties of the ABR. Participants were divided at random into two groups: the normal hearing group and the simulated conductive hearing loss group. In the normal hearing group, baseline behavioral pure tone audiometry from 250-8000 Hz and acoustic immittance testing (tympanometry and contralateral acoustic reflex thresholds from 500-2000 Hz) were performed to ensure normal hearing and middle ear function. Then, ABR testing was performed in both right and left ears to click stimuli beginning at 80 dBnHL. Stimulus intensity was decreased in 10 dB increments until a stimulus intensity of 30 dBnHL was reached. At stimulus intensities less than 30 dB nHL, stimulus intensity was decreased in 5 dB increments until the participant's ABR threshold was determined. In the simulated conductive hearing loss group, baseline behavioral pure tone audiometry from 250-8000 Hz and acoustic immittance testing (tympanometry and contralateral acoustic reflex thresholds from 500-2000 Hz) were performed to ensure normal hearing and middle ear function. Then, 5 mm of moleskin was placed in the tubing for the ER3A insert receivers and pure tone air conduction thresholds were re-measured in each ear. For the conductive group, the ABR was recorded using the ER3A insert receivers with moleskin. The ABR was recorded in both right and left ears to click stimuli beginning at 80 dBnHL. Stimulus intensity was decreased in 10 dB increments until a stimulus intensity of 60 dBnHL was reached. At stimulus intensities less than 60 dBnHL, stimulus intensity was decreased in 5 dB increments until the participant's ABR threshold was determined. For both groups, results revealed an increase in the mean absolute latencies of waves I, III, and V as stimulus intensity decreased. In contrast, results showed a decrease in the mean peak-to-peak amplitudes for waves I-I' and V-V' as a function of stimulus intensity. Mean interpeak latency values were consistent across stimulus intensities. Mean absolute latency values for all waves were greater for the simulated hearing loss group than the normal hearing group. In contrast, the mean peak-to-peak amplitude values for waves I-I' and V-V' were smaller for the simulated hearing loss group than the normal hearing group. These results were compared to previous data collected in the ABR literature on both normal hearing and conductive hearing loss participants. Results for both groups in the current study were in good agreement with the ABR literature as seen in the mean ABR values and the variability represented by standard deviation measurements. The data collected from this study will be used to develop a parametric approach to generating simulated responses for the commercially available Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) recording simulator, ISAO by Intelligent Hearing Systems. This data will serve as basis for developing functions of response characteristics such as peak latency and amplitude as well as recording parameters like intensity, rate and stimulus characteristics. Further research should be conducted to determine the effects of other stimulus parameters on the ABR. These stimulus parameters include rate, polarity, and frequency.
Download or read book A Comparison of Auditory Brainstem Response and Middle Latency Response in the Measurement of Simulated High Frequency Hearing Loss written by Sherrie Parker and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Auditory Brainstem Response written by John T. Jacobson and published by Taylor & Francis Group. This book was released on 1985 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory Evoked Potentials written by Robert F. Burkard and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2007 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts with extensive clinical and scientific experience, this comprehensive textbook presents the state of the art in auditory evoked potentials. Opening chapters explain the nature of electrical fields that generate surface recorded potentials, summarize the imaging modalities that complement evoked potential studies, and review acoustics and instrumentation. Major sections examine the anatomy and physiology of the auditory periphery, brainstem, and cortex and the principles and clinical applications of auditory, myogenic, visual, somatosensory, and vestibular evoked potentials. Chapters present hands-on laboratory exercises and clinical case studies. A full-color insert includes 3D images from multi-channel evoked potentials and functional imaging.
Download or read book Clinical Applications of the Auditory Brainstem Response written by Linda J. Hood and published by Singular. This book was released on 1998 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and its applications in evaluating neural disorders and hearing sensitivity, Clinical Applications of the Auditory Brainstem Response is an essential tool for every audiologist. This practical, hands-on manual provides the information necessary to understand the bases for and applications of the auditory brainstem response in clinical practice, presenting substantive, valuable information on both performance and interpretation of the measures.
Download or read book The Auditory Steady State Response written by Rance, Gary and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for auditory clinicians and researchers alike, this is the first monograph on this important area of auditory science that traces the international research effort from its origins in the 1970s to the present day. Comprising contributions from experts in a range of disciplines including auditory physiology, engineering, medicine and audiology, the book presents comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the generation and recording of the ASSR and the clinical applications of the response.
Download or read book Binaural Hearing written by Ruth Y. Litovsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of Binaural Hearing involves studies of auditory perception, physiology, and modeling, including normal and abnormal aspects of the system. Binaural processes involved in both sound localization and speech unmasking have gained a broader interest and have received growing attention in the published literature. The field has undergone some significant changes. There is now a much richer understanding of the many aspects that comprising binaural processing, its role in development, and in success and limitations of hearing-aid and cochlear-implant users. The goal of this volume is to provide an up-to-date reference on the developments and novel ideas in the field of binaural hearing. The primary readership for the volume is expected to be academic specialists in the diverse fields that connect with psychoacoustics, neuroscience, engineering, psychology, audiology, and cochlear implants. This volume will serve as an important resource by way of introduction to the field, in particular for graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, the faculty who train them and clinicians.
Download or read book Noise Induced Hearing Loss written by Colleen G. Le Prell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-30 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to loud noise continues to be the largest cause of hearing loss in the adult population. The problem of NIHL impacts a number of disciplines. US standards for permissible noise exposure were originally published in 1968 and remain largely unchanged today. Indeed, permissible noise exposure for US personnel is significantly greater than that allowed in numerous other countries, including for example, Canada, China, Brazil, Mexico, and the European Union. However, there have been a number of discoveries and advances that have increased our understanding of the mechanisms of NIHL. These advances have the potential to impact how NIHL can be prevented and how our noise standards can be made more appropriate.
Download or read book Hearing Health Care for Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The loss of hearing - be it gradual or acute, mild or severe, present since birth or acquired in older age - can have significant effects on one's communication abilities, quality of life, social participation, and health. Despite this, many people with hearing loss do not seek or receive hearing health care. The reasons are numerous, complex, and often interconnected. For some, hearing health care is not affordable. For others, the appropriate services are difficult to access, or individuals do not know how or where to access them. Others may not want to deal with the stigma that they and society may associate with needing hearing health care and obtaining that care. Still others do not recognize they need hearing health care, as hearing loss is an invisible health condition that often worsens gradually over time. In the United States, an estimated 30 million individuals (12.7 percent of Americans ages 12 years or older) have hearing loss. Globally, hearing loss has been identified as the fifth leading cause of years lived with disability. Successful hearing health care enables individuals with hearing loss to have the freedom to communicate in their environments in ways that are culturally appropriate and that preserve their dignity and function. Hearing Health Care for Adults focuses on improving the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care for adults of all ages. This study examines the hearing health care system, with a focus on non-surgical technologies and services, and offers recommendations for improving access to, the affordability of, and the quality of hearing health care for adults of all ages.
Download or read book The Technology of Binaural Understanding written by Jens Blauert and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-12 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound, devoid of meaning, would not matter to us. It is the information sound conveys that helps the brain to understand its environment. Sound and its underlying meaning are always associated with time and space. There is no sound without spatial properties, and the brain always organizes this information within a temporal–spatial framework. This book is devoted to understanding the importance of meaning for spatial and related further aspects of hearing, including cross-modal inference. People, when exposed to acoustic stimuli, do not react directly to what they hear but rather to what they hear means to them. This semiotic maxim may not always apply, for instance, when the reactions are reflexive. But, where it does apply, it poses a major challenge to the builders of models of the auditory system. Take, for example, an auditory model that is meant to be implemented on a robotic agent for autonomous search-&-rescue actions. Or think of a system that can perform judgments on the sound quality of multimedia-reproduction systems. It becomes immediately clear that such a system needs • Cognitive capabilities, including substantial inherent knowledge • The ability to integrate information across different sensory modalities To realize these functions, the auditory system provides a pair of sensory organs, the two ears, and the means to perform adequate preprocessing of the signals provided by the ears. This is realized in the subcortical parts of the auditory system. In the title of a prior book, the term Binaural Listening is used to indicate a focus on sub-cortical functions. Psychoacoustics and auditory signal processing contribute substantially to this area. The preprocessed signals are then forwarded to the cortical parts of the auditory system where, among other things, recognition, classification, localization, scene analysis, assignment of meaning, quality assessment, and action planning take place. Also, information from different sensory modalities is integrated at this level. Between sub-cortical and cortical regions of the auditory system, numerous feedback loops exist that ultimately support the high complexity and plasticity of the auditory system. The current book concentrates on these cognitive functions. Instead of processing signals, processing symbols is now the predominant modeling task. Substantial contributions to the field draw upon the knowledge acquired by cognitive psychology. The keyword Binaural Understanding in the book title characterizes this shift. Both books, The Technology of Binaural Listening and the current one, have been stimulated and supported by AABBA, an open research group devoted to the development and application of models of binaural hearing. The current book is dedicated to technologies that help explain, facilitate, apply, and support various aspects of binaural understanding. It is organized into five parts, each containing three to six chapters in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging area. Each chapter was thoroughly reviewed by at least two anonymous, external experts. The first part deals with the psychophysical and physiological effects of Forming and Interpreting Aural Objects as well as the underlying models. The fundamental concepts of reflexive and reflective auditory feedback are introduced. Mechanisms of binaural attention and attention switching are covered—as well as how auditory Gestalt rules facilitate binaural understanding. A general blackboard architecture is introduced as an example of how machines can learn to form and interpret aural objects to simulate human cognitive listening. The second part, Configuring and Understanding Aural Space, focuses on the human understanding of complex three-dimensional environments—covering the psychological and biological fundamentals of auditory space formation. This part further addresses the human mechanisms used to process information and interact in complex reverberant environments, such as concert halls and forests, and additionally examines how the auditory system can learn to understand and adapt to these environments. The third part is dedicated to Processing Cross-Modal Inference and highlights the fundamental human mechanisms used to integrate auditory cues with cues from other modalities to localize and form perceptual objects. This part also provides a general framework for understanding how complex multimodal scenes can be simulated and rendered. The fourth part, Evaluating Aural-scene Quality and Speech Understanding, focuses on the object-forming aspects of binaural listening and understanding. It addresses cognitive mechanisms involved in both the understanding of speech and the processing of nonverbal information such as Sound Quality and Quality-of- Experience. The aesthetic judgment of rooms is also discussed in this context. Models that simulate underlying human processes and performance are covered in addition to techniques for rendering virtual environments that can then be used to test these models. The fifth part deals with the Application of Cognitive Mechanisms to Audio Technology. It highlights how cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to create spatial auditory illusions using binaural and other 3D-audio technologies. Further, it covers how cognitive binaural technologies can be applied to improve human performance in auditory displays and to develop new auditory technologies for interactive robots. The book concludes with the application of cognitive binaural technologies to the next generation of hearing aids.
Download or read book The Middle Ear written by Sunil Puria and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The middle ear plays a vital role in the sense and sensitivity of hearing. Of the various characteristics that distinguish mammals from other vertebrates, several pertain specifically to the middle-ear system, such as the presence of three middle-ear bones and the four-layer composite structure of the tympanic membrane. The Middle Ear attempts to elucidate the role this system plays in sound transmission, as viewed from both scientific and clinical perspectives.
Download or read book Implantable Bone Conduction Hearing Aids written by M. Kompis and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2011-03-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three decades after the introduction of the first bone-anchored hearing aids, the available systems have improved significantly and the field is expanding faster than ever. New technologies such as digital signal processing have opened new avenues unique to bone conduction hearing aids. Better insights into the physiology of bone-conducted hearing have not only changed the field but also provided ideas for new areas of application.In this volume of Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, renowned researchers and experienced clinicians from all over the world present the latest findings and practices. Reviews on the theoretical background of bone conduction hearing, presentation of currently available hearing aid systems, chapters on monaural and binaural hearing with implantable bone conduction hearing aids, a comparison with conventional hearing aids and a glimpse into the future of implantable bone conduction hearing aids render this volume an invaluable reference book to ENT surgeons, audiologists, hearing aid acousticians and researchers alike.
Download or read book Objective Assessment of Hearing written by James W. Hall and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Neurobiology of Aging written by Patrick R. Hof and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-11 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some well-known age-related neurological diseases include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, deafness, and blindness. Even more common are the problems of aging which are not due to disease but to more subtle impairments in neurobiological systems, including impairments in vision, memory loss, muscle weakening, and loss of reproductive functions, changes in body weight, and sleeplessness. As the average age of our society increases, diseases of aging continue to become more common, and conditions associated with aging need more attention by doctors and researchers. In 1991, patients over the age of 65 saw their doctors an average of eight times per year. Research funding is provided by the Neuroscience and Neuropsychology of Aging (NNA) Program, which is run by the National Institute on Aging. This book offers a comprehensive overview of all topics related to functional impairments which are related to the aging brain and nervous system. It is organized according to four general functions: movement, senses, memory, and neuroendocrine regulation. Written by the leading researchers in the field, this comprehensive work addresses both impairments associated with diseases and not associated with diseases, making it easier to understand the mechanisms involved. Functional Neurobiology of Aging is an important reference for professionals and students involved in aging research, as well as physicians who need to recognize and understand age-related impairments. - Organized by function, making it easy to find and understand the material - Addresses impairments both associated with diseases and not associated with diseases - Written by leading researchers in the field - Most comprehensive source of information on the neurobiology of aging
