Download or read book A comparative study of elite English medium schools public schools and Islamic madaris in contemporary Pakistan written by Akhtar Hassan Malik and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-04-12 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ethnographic study examines the role of differing school knowledge in reproducing various social classes in the society. It was observed that an unequal availability of capital resources, agents' class habitus, and the type of their "cultural currency" act as selection mechanisms that clearly favour some social groups over others. The ruling classes ensure the transfer of their power and privilege to their children by providing them with quality education in elite schools. The disadvantaged classes are excluded from these unique institutions by both social and economic sanctions. They have no other option than to educate their children either in public schools or Islamic madaris. As a result, inequitable educational opportunities consolidate the existing social-class hierarchy.
Download or read book A Comparative Study of Elite English Medium Schools Public Schools and Islamic Madaris in Contemporary Pakistan written by Akhtar Hassan Malik and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CURRICULUM REFORM IN PAKISTAN written by Amna Afreen and published by Gatekeeper Press. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I have written this book in an effort to explore how the history of Pakistan has resulted in the critical problems weighing down its education system. The book examines the questions: Why and how has a small elite class come to rule Pakistan? And how has their rule worsened the country’s problems? The focus will be to critically examine the elements of the Pakistani national curriculum and madrasas and their effects on Pakistani society. The book represents the fusion of my experiences in Pakistan with extensive literature analysis, interviews, and textbook analysis. This research began when I came to the United States in January 2015 through the SAR program. I wanted to know the answers to profoundly unsettling questions. How can a society be so intolerant that a scholar educated solely in Pakistan is disregarded and assassinated while many Western-educated scholars with traditional insular thoughts are not only appreciated but flourishing? I wanted to know why Pakistani elites have so much power and freedom while lower classes are profoundly oppressed. Elites who barely pay taxes have been in power for generations while those that pay taxes suffer from sky-high inflation. The influential religious leaders mostly belong to the elite class while their followers are mostly lower class. Ruling families and social classes mostly control appointed positions. Do those in power not have a responsibility to speak on issues of social justice rather than limiting themselves in claiming that theirs is the only true form of Islam? Why don’t they work to end the disparity of quality education between classes in Pakistan? Instead, many elites run their own lucrative elite Islamic schools. More importantly, why do the ulama (which literally means “those who possess knowledge [ilm], particularly of Islam”) maintain a tight hierarchical system in the madrasa (Islamic seminary) community that rarely allows poor intelligent students to attain leadership positions? Why are the ulama silent in the face of ruthless murder of and discrimination against Pakistani minorities? Book Review: "Pakistan Educational Reforms is a major study of education in Pakistan and its national and madrasa curriculum that fosters national and religious sectarian divisions, intolerance and conflicts. Dr. Amna Afreen documents the political, socio-economic and religious causes-limited government funding, widespread poverty and illiteracy and the poor training and performance of teachers- that have produced a failed educational system at urban and rural government and religious schools (madrasa) and offers a series of potential solutions and reforms." -- John L. Esposito, University Professor and Founding Director of The Alwaleed Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University.
Download or read book Neoliberalization of English Language Policy in the Global South written by Ali Jalalian Daghigh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates different ways in which neoliberal language and teaching policies have influenced the English language in global south countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America. Through the three main sub themes covered by the book, namely Neoliberalism and English Language Teaching Policies, Neoliberalism Ideology as in English Language Teaching Materials, and Experiences of Neoliberal Subjects, it investigates various aspects and means through which neoliberalism is realized in a variety of contexts. Through the first subtheme the volume covers the English language education policies of Chile, Bangladesh, India, and Morocco. The second sub theme concerns how different neoliberal values such as consumerism, entrepreneurship, and individualism are localized and constructed in the locally developed English language materials of Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The third sub theme includes studies on the impact of neoliberalization of English in relation to Colombian, Brazilian, and Pakistani stakeholders. This book is a valuable resource for academics, postgraduate students, researchers, policy makers, educators, and practitioners who are interested in neoliberalism in English language.
Download or read book Teaching India Pakistan Relations written by Kusha Anand and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rivalry between India and Pakistan began on British withdrawal from the British Indian Empire in 1947, and with the sudden partition of India immediately afterwards. It has proven remarkably resilient. While the countries share a long history and have considerable social-cultural affinity, relations since Partition have been marked by three wars, constant border skirmishes and a deep distrust that permeates both societies. In each, teaching about those relations is weighted with political and cultural significance, and research shows that curriculums have been used to shape the mindset of new generations with regard to their neighbouring state. This book explores the attitudes and pedagogical decision-making of teachers in India and Pakistan when teaching India-Pakistan relations. Situating teachers in the context of reformed textbooks and curriculums in both countries that explicitly advocate critical thinking and social cohesion, Kusha Anand explores how far teachers have enacted these changes in their classrooms. Based on data collected from teachers via semi-structured interviews and classroom observations in India and Pakistan she argues that, despite whole-nation policies and texts, teaching of India-Pakistan relations is dependent on the socio-economic status of schools. While there is progress towards the stated goals, teachers in both countries face pressures from the interests of school and state, and often miss opportunities to engage with multiple perspectives and stereotypes in their classrooms.
Download or read book Vulnerabilities Challenges and Risks in Applied Linguistics written by Clare Cunningham and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this book call attention to vulnerabilities, challenges and risks for applied linguistics researchers and the communities they work with across a broad range of contexts from the Global North and South, and in both signed and spoken languages. Together they provide insights on both academic and professional practice across several areas: the vulnerabilities involved in researching, the limitations of traditional epistemologies, the challenges inherent in the repertoire of methodologies and pedagogies employed by applied linguists, and the effectiveness of practical responses to language-related problems. The book encourages those involved in applied linguistics to consider their own practice and their relationship with the communities, policies and educational contexts they engage with in the course of their teaching, research and activism.
Download or read book Conditions for English Language Teaching and Learning in Asia written by Bernard Spolsky and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1989, Bernard Spolsky published Conditions for Second Language Learning (Oxford University Press). At the 2012 Annual Conference of Asia TEFL, a number of senior scholars were invited to comment upon the relevance of the book to the teaching of English in their region, and to make suggestions on how it might be updated. This volume contains revised versions of these talks, and thus provides a survey of the conditions for teaching English in Asia. Most contributors found the Conditions model useful, but there has been a major change in emphasis in the past two decades: whereas the 1989 book emphasized linguistic and psycholinguistic conditions, more recent work generally emphasizes the importance of sociolinguistic and language policy conditions for teaching English in Asia today.
Download or read book Multilingual Selves and Motivations for Learning Languages other than English in Asian Contexts written by Anas Hajar and published by Channel View Publications. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume focuses on the experiences of individuals learning languages other than English (LOTEs) in a range of Asian contexts that have traditionally been under-represented in the literature. Aligning with the ‘multilingual turn’ in SLA, it views learners as individuals of a multilingual society with unique, complex, heterogenous and dynamic identities. The chapters explore the learners’ motivational trajectories, multilingual identities and their conceptualisations of the ‘ideal multilingual self’. This volume enhances our critical understanding of language learning motivation through empirical findings and conceptual insights from studies of motivation in specific regions in Asia, including Greater China, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan and Syria. Providing insight into the multilingual identities of individuals learning LOTEs, it will appeal to students and scholars in second language acquisition, researchers in language learning motivation and policymakers in language education.
Download or read book Social Reproduction in Theory and Practice written by Shahzad Farid and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2024-01-11 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theories of social reproduction are highly complicated, and they have various quantification problems. By introducing the Triptych Model of Social Class Reproduction, which can be applied in different cultures and societies, this book resolves this issue by providing a rich and easy-to-grasp understanding of these theories. It discusses various issues with the Marxian conception of social reproduction, class measurement challenges, and advanced equations of social practice. Further, it substantiates the practice of social reproduction in quantitative research in the domains of language, family, ethnicity, and indigenous culture.
Download or read book Exiting the Fragility Trap written by David Carment and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State fragility is a much-debated yet underinvestigated concept in the development and international security worlds. Based on years of research as part of the Country Indicators for Foreign Policy project at Carleton University, Exiting the Fragility Trap marks a major step toward remedying the lack of research into the so-called fragility trap. In examining the nature and dynamics of state transitions in fragile contexts, with a special emphasis on states that are trapped in fragility, David Carment and Yiagadeesen Samy ask three questions: Why do some states remain stuck in a fragility trap? What lessons can we learn from those states that have successfully transitioned from fragility to stability and resilience? And how can third-party interventions support fragile state transitions toward resilience? Carment and Samy consider fragility’s evolution in three state types: countries that are trapped, countries that move in and out of fragility, and countries that have exited fragility. Large-sample empirical analysis and six comparative case studies—Pakistan and Yemen (trapped countries), Mali and Laos (in-and-out countries), and Bangladesh and Mozambique (exited countries)—drive their investigation, which breaks ground toward a new understanding of why some countries fail to see sustained progress over time.
Download or read book French XX Bibliography Issue 65 written by Sheri K. Dion and published by Susquehanna University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Islamic Schools written by S. Riaz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first ethnographic study of the trend toward religious, parochial schooling in urban Pakistan, this book provides data from over fifty-Karachi area schools to establish the complex reasons middle- and upper-class families enroll in religious Islamic schools.
Download or read book Modernization of Muslim Education in Egypt Pakistan and Turkey written by Ghulam Nabi Saqib and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan written by Tahir Raza Shah Andrabi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Bold assertions have been made in policy reports and popular articles on the high and increasing enrollment in Pakistani religious schools, commonly known as madrassas. Given the importance placed on the subject by policymakers in Pakistan and those internationally, it is troubling that none of the reports and articles reviewed based their analysis on publicly available data or established statistical methodologies. The authors of this paper use published data sources and a census of schooling choice to show that existing estimates are inflated by an order of magnitude. Madrassas account for less than 1 percent of all enrollment in the country and there is no evidence of a dramatic increase in recent years. The educational landscape in Pakistan has changed substantially in the past decade, but this is due to an explosion of private schools, an important fact that has been left out of the debate on Pakistani education. Moreover, when the authors look at school choice, they find that no one explanation fits the data. While most existing theories of madrassa enrollment are based on household attributes (for instance, a preference for religious schooling or the household's access to other schooling options), the data show that among households with at least one child enrolled in a madrassa, 75 percent send their second (and/or third) child to a public or private school or both. Widely promoted theories simply do not explain this substantial variation within households. This paper--a product of the Public Services Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to examine issues relating to educational outcomes"--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Denizens of Alien Worlds written by Tariq Rahman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004-12-23 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book links educational policies and practices in Pakistan with the socio-economic stratification in Pakistani society. It gives new facts about the economic realities of educational institution linking them with the values and ideas of their students and faculty towards militarism, religious minorities and gender issues.
Download or read book A Study of the Language Attitudes and Practices in the Context of Two Elite English medium Schools in Pakistan written by Kahn Ajmal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan is a multilingual state where the majority of educated people can speak three languages: English, Urdu (the national language) and a regional vernacular (Pashto in the case of this study). While the state's official policy supports the regional vernaculars in education at school level, the de facto language policy privileges English and Urdu and neglects the regional languages. English-medium schools, especially those of the elite category, are instrumental in the acquisition and prestige planning of English. This study takes a holistic view of understanding the elite schools' language-in-education (L-i-E) policy. As such, in addition to investigating how L-i-E is viewed and practised and unravelling the complex interaction between the official policy and its micro-level implementation, the study also explores the students' perceptions about L-i-E, their attitudes towards the three languages, and their domain-wise language use and shift patterns. Two elite English-medium schools in Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, were the cases and context of this investigation. Data were collected over a period of three months, employing ethnographic case study approach. The study adopted a mixed-methods design in which qualitative methods and data outweigh the quantitative data (i.e. QUAL + quan). The qualitative data tools included observations, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and documents review; the quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire. Findings reveal that the elite English-medium schools enjoy significant power in their L-i-E planning. At the same time, the tacit approval of the official language policy - a product of political, ideological and global forces - is also evident in the language practices and beliefs of the actors at a grassroots level. Owing to their unchallenged authority, the schools strictly adhere to an English-only assimilationist L-i-E policy. The students were found to have positive attitudes towards the status, prestige and instrumental significance of English. Whilst they viewed Urdu as a symbol of national identity and Pashto as a symbol of ethnic pride and identity, they disregarded the role of these languages in educational and professional spheres. The students also reported significant domain shrinkage vis-à-vis their mother tongue. The findings of this study confirm that the schools' L-i-E policies contribute significantly to the process of subtractive bilingualism.
Download or read book Education Reform in Pakistan written by Shahid Javed Burki and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Washington seems to be in a season of worrying--some might say "obsessing"--About the education system in Pakistan. The 9/11 Commission, whose final report has become a fixture on the bestseller lists, has highlighted the links between international terrorism and Pakistan's religious seminaries, or "madaris", and recommended that the United States support Pakistani efforts to improve the quality of the education it offers its young. The The American government, with the U.S. Agency for International Development as the lead agency, plans to spend tens of millions of dollars this year alone on primary education and literacy programs in Pakistan. The international donor community has been active on this front for decades, but has significantly expanded its activities in recent years. But most of all, Pakistanis themselves have raised the alarm and encouraged this newfound interest in their schools. This volume explores an issue that Pakistanis themselves have identified as vital to their national well-being. Essays include: (1) Educating the Pakistani Masses (Shahid Javed Burki); (2) Education, Employment and Economic Development in Pakistan (Ishrat Husain); (3) Challenges in the Education Sector in Pakistan (Salman Shah); (4) Reform in Higher Education in Pakistan (Grace Clark); (5) Against the Tide: Role of The Citizens Foundation in Pakistani Education (Ahsan Saleem); (6) Reasons for Rage: Reflections on the Education System of Pakistan with Special Reference to English (Tariq Rahman); (7) Education Sector Reforms in Pakistan: Demand Generation as an Alternative Recipe (Jonathan Mitchell, Salman Humayun, and Irfan Muzaffar); (8) Report for Congress on Education Reform in Pakistan; (9) Education in Pakistan and the World Bank's Program (Michelle Riboud); (10) The Punjab Education Sector Reform Program 2003-2006; (11) Pakistan's Recent Experience in Reforming Islamic Education (Christopher Candland); and (12) Pakistan: Reforming the Education Sector. An introduction by Robert M. Hathaway is included. Individual papers contain tables, charts, notes and references.
