Download or read book A Comparative Evaluation of Liquid Infiltration Methods for Bioreactor Landfills written by Timothy J. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Instead of merely disposing of municipal solid waste (i.e., MSW, garbage, refuse) in a traditional landfill, new technology is being developed to treat landfilled waste in situ by designing and operating the landfill as a biological treatment system or bioreactor. Increasing the moisture content of solid waste to 40% or more (by leachate recirculation or water addition) enhances the biodegradation process. However the probable existence of preferential flow paths prevents wetting the entire waste mass to biologically optimal conditions. Significant areas of concern include the operational aspects of applying leachate to waste in the landfill. In leachate recirculation projects found in the literature, a variety of infiltration methods were used to introduce leachate back to the landfill mass. However, a direct comparison of the effectiveness of the methods was not found. Therefore, this research evaluated four methods of wetting MSW and assessed the effectiveness of each method. This project included the design and dissemination of a questionnaire to determine the current state of practice in bioreactor technology in the U.S. and a laboratory study of four liquid infiltration methods. The infiltration methods were: trickle irrigation cascade system; horizontal trench; single wells; and cluster wells. The project used four 2.0 m3 laboratory-scale landfills containing "engineered" MSW. Evaluation of moisture distribution was performed using two different types of in-situ moisture sensors and a dye tracer study to determine distribution of moisture and flow rates. Results of the project indicated that; three liquid infiltration methods were utilized by respondents to the bioreactor questionnaire, a larger number of respondents to the bioreactor questionnaire are needed to determine if design parameters are emerging from industry and academia. The GMX in-situ moisture monitoring instruments did not sense moisture content below 40%, to reliably sense moisture content both the TDT and GMX sensors must be in intimate contact with the surrounding media. The cluster well method provided the greatest overall increase in the moisture content of the waste during the experiments. However, none of the infiltration methods tested wetted the waste to the desired 40% moisture content during the 8 hour test runs.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Moisture Distribution Efficiency and Performance Evaluations of Bioreactor Landfill Operations written by Md Zahangir Alam and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioreactor landfills are operated in a modern engineered way to accelerate waste decomposition, gas production, and waste stabilization. The major aspect of a bioreactor landfill operation is associated with the addition of supplemental liquid or leachate recirculation, and the effective operation primarily depends on efficient moisture distribution throughout the waste mass, which enhances performance. The performance of an effective landfill operation can be assessed by several indicators, i.e., leachate generation, gas production, and landfill settlement. Bioreactor landfill operations have several significant economic and environmental advantages, but the impact of efficient moisture distribution and the assessment of performance through combined indicators is not well established. Hence, explaining and quantifying such impact on performance monitoring is essential to understanding an effective operation. The overall objective of this research was to monitor moisture distribution, due to leachate recirculation, throughout the landfill and to evaluate the performance of landfill operations. Leachate recirculation was performed through horizontal recirculation pipes and vertical injection wells. The City of Denton Landfill, in Denton, Texas, USA was selected as the site for the field investigations. A field program was conducted, using the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) technique to determine moisture variations with time (one day, one week, two weeks) due to leachate recirculation through the horizontal and vertical recirculation systems. The data of field performance indicators, i.e., leachate generation, gas production, and landfill settlement, was collected from the landfill authority and analyzed to observe the bioreactor performance. Field leachate generation was compared with the Visual HELP model results to correlate it with the gas generation. The combined effect of indicators was analyzed to evaluate landfill performance. The research provides data on the significant factors of successful bioreactor landfill operations: the application frequency of leachate, and moisture distribution efficiency due to leachate recirculation through vertical injection wells. The research develops an understanding the effect of indicators and the assessment of landfill performance through evaluating the essence of individuals and combined indicators. Scheduling the leachate recirculation is one of the most vital actions required for distributing the moisture in the underlying waste. A comprehensive understanding of moisture variations in a bioreactor landfill, by reason of circulating leachate, is important for determining the frequency of leachate recirculation. The estimated moisture content for the baseline study was 31.5% before the next cycle of leachate recirculation to the adjacent recirculation pipe. However, the moisture content after 1 day, 7 days and 14 days after leachate recirculation was found 49.52%, 40.48%, and 31.74%, respectively. Several recirculation systems are currently being used at different locations across the world; however, vertical injection wells are the specific objects of interest in leachate recirculation due to their potential advantages over other available systems. Based on the results of the studies pertaining to vertical wells, the initial moisture content ranged from 31.5% to 36.5% before liquid was added through the vertical wells. The moisture content observed rose from 49.5% to 64.6% within one day after the leachate injection; however, it decreased one week after leachate injection, ranging from 40.12% to 47.03%. Two weeks after leachate injection, the moisture content ranged from 31.75% to 38.6%. The performance of bioreactor landfills can be monitored by several indicators, i.e., moisture distribution, leachate generation, gas production, water balance, and landfill settlement. Combining the different parameters to assess the performance of a bioreactor landfill has not been widely investigated. The results from the water balance simulation model, Visual HELP, show that the actual leachate generation in the field is approximately 55% lower than the HELP model results. The reason that the leachate return from the landfill is lower might be that the added water/leachate is being partially used for gas production. Hence, an increase in gas generation was observed, increasing from 543.6 m3/h (320 scfm) in 2010-2011 to 1087.3 m3/h (640 scfm) in 2014-2015. Moreover, in some locations of the landfill cells, from 2014 to 2015, an approximate total of 1.45 m (4.8 ft.) of maximum settlement was found in the landfill.

Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2001-12 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Landfill aeration written by Rainer Stegmann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-09-22 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Carter's 1980 declaration of a state of emergency at Love Canal, New York, recognized that residents' health had been affected by nearby chemical waste sites. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enacted in 1976, ushered in a new era of waste management disposal designed to protect the public from harm. It required that modern waste containment systems use "engineered" barriers designed to isolate hazardous and toxic wastes and prevent them from seeping into the environment. These containment systems are now employed at thousands of waste sites around the United States, and their effectiveness must be continually monitored. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers assesses the performance of waste containment barriers to date. Existing data suggest that waste containment systems with liners and covers, when constructed and maintained in accordance with current regulations, are performing well thus far. However, they have not been in existence long enough to assess long-term (postclosure) performance, which may extend for hundreds of years. The book makes recommendations on how to improve future assessments and increase confidence in predictions of barrier system performance which will be of interest to policy makers, environmental interest groups, industrial waste producers, and industrial waste management industry.

Download or read book Sustainable Practices for Landfill Design and Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management is a global concern, and landfilling remains the predominant management method in most areas of the world. This book provides a comprehensive view of state-of-the-art methods to manage landfills more sustainably, drawing upon more than two decades of research, design, and operational experiences at operating sites across the world. Sustainable landfills implement one or multiple technologies to control and enhance the degradation of waste materials to realize a multitude of potential benefits during or shortly after the landfill’s operating phase. This book presents detailed approaches in the development, design, operation, and monitoring of sustainable landfills. Case studies showcasing the benefits and challenges of sustainable landfill technologies are also provided to give the reader additional context. The intent of the book is to serve as a reference guide for regulatory personnel, a practical tool for designers and engineers to build on for site-specific applications of sustainable landfill technologies, and a comprehensive resource for researchers who are continuing to explore new and better ways to more sustainably manage waste materials.

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solid Waste Landfilling written by Raffaello Cossu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Landfilling: Concepts, Processes, Technology provides information on technologies that promote stabilization and minimize environmental impacts in landfills. As the main challenges in waste management are the reduction and proper treatment of waste and the appropriate use of waste streams, the book satisfies the needs of a modern landfill, covering waste pre-treatment, in situ treatment, long-term behavior, closure, aftercare, environmental impact and sustainability. It is written for practitioners who need specific information on landfill construction and operation, but is also ideal for those concerned about the possible return of these sites to landscapes and their subsequent uses for future generations. - Includes input by international contributors from a vast number of disciplines - Provides worldwide approaches and technologies - Showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the topic - Focuses on sustainability, covering the lifecycle of landfills under the concept of minimizing environmental impact - Presents knowledge of the legal framework and economic aspects of landfilling

Download or read book Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.

Download or read book Environment Abstracts Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This database encompasses all aspects of the impact of people and technology on the environment and the effectiveness of remedial policies and technologies, featuring more than 950 journals published in the U.S. and abroad. The database also covers conference papers and proceedings, special reports from international agencies, non-governmental organizations, universities, associations and private corporations. Other materials selectively indexed include significant monographs, government studies and newsletters.

Download or read book Geotechnical Aspects of Landfill Design and Construction written by Xuede Qian and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on actual, state-of-the-art design/construction procedures as opposed to a discussion of solid waste management issues and to general descriptions and/or conceptual designs. Provides an integrated package of analytical tools, design equations, and step-by-step construction procedures for all elements of a landfill, giving the reader a better sense of the necessary site investigation, planning, analysis, and organization that go into a landfill design and construction project.The characteristics of landfill containment envelopes and their design/construction are treated in detail. Physico-chemical and engineering properties of solid waste that are relevant and important to landfill design and construction are tabulated and described. Includes explanation of how to evaluate and assess potential problems that affect landfill performance such as sideslope stability, settlement, containment effectiveness, and erosion control. Discusses vertical landfill expansion; how leachate moves across a liner or barrier under both advection and diffusion; compares the containment effectiveness of different liner systems to the combined advective-diffusive transport of dissolved leachate solutes. Includes a detailed explanation with numerical examples and calculations of how to design a gas collection and piping system in a landfill—including the collection and handling of condensate in the gas. Detailed installation and inspection guidelines are provided for both earthen and geosynthetic liner/cover systems—comparing the relative advantages and limitations of each. For professional training courses in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.

Download or read book Geoenvironmental Engineering written by Hari D. Sharma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-05-20 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geoenvironmental Engineering covers the application of basic geological and hydrological science, including soil and rock mechanics and groundwater hydrology, to any number of different environmental problems. * Includes end-of-chapter summaries, design examples and worked-out numerical problems, and problem questions. * Offers thorough coverage of the role of geotechnical engineering in a wide variety of environmental issues. * Addresses such issues as remediation of in-situ hazardous waste, the monitoring and control of groundwater pollution, and the creation and management of landfills and other above-ground and in-situ waste containment systems.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Waste Treatment and Disposal written by Paul T. Williams and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following on from the successful first edition of Waste Treatment & Disposal, this second edition has been completely updated, and provides comprehensive coverage of waste process engineering and disposal methodologies. Concentrating on the range of technologies available for household and commercial waste, it also presents readers with relevant legislative background material as boxed features. NEW to this edition: Increased coverage of re-use and recycling Updating of the usage of different waste treatment technologies Increased coverage of new and emerging technologies for waste treatment and disposal A broader global perspective with a focus on comparative international material on waste treatment uptake and waste management policies

Download or read book Integrated Solid Waste Management Engineering Principles and Management Issues written by George Tchobanoglous and published by McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A junior/senior-level introductory text aimed at civil and environmental engineers taking a basic introduction to Solid Waste Management. The text includes the latest 1990-1991 laws and regulations.

Download or read book Sustainable eco technologies for water and wastewater treatment written by Eldon Rene and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major challenges in the world is to provide clean water and sanitation for all. With 3% fresh water reserves in the earth, there are more than 1 billion people who still lack access to clean drinking water. The declining water quality has not only reduced the life expectancy of humans, but it has also contributed to the deleterious negative impacts on aquatic/marine life, flora, fauna and the ecosystem. However, with rapid technological advancements and the availability of advanced scientific instruments, there has been substantial improvement in the design and operation of water and wastewater treatment systems. Recently, these sustainable eco-technologies have been designed and operated to offer the following advantages: (i) a smaller footprint, (ii) less maintenance, (iii) >99% removal of contaminants, (iv) provides the option for resource recovery, (v) less energy consumption, (vi) minimal use of chemicals, and (vii) less investment and operational costs. This book highlights the technologies used for the removal of pollutants such as dyes, uranium, cyanotoxins, faecal contamination and P/N compounds from water environments, and shows that ecotechnologies are becoming more and more important and playing critical role in removing a wide variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from water. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.