Download or read book A Comparative Assessment of Four Winter Feeding Programs for Spring Calving Cow calf Ranches in the Harney Basin Oregon written by Jonathan D. Bates and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to assess four winter feeding programs of spring-calving brood cows that may improve profitability to ranching operations of the Harney Basin, Oregon. The four feeding strategies include strip grazed rake-bunched hay, supplemented range grazing, strip grazed meadow pasture, and baled hay feeding. These first three alternatives were compared to baled hay feeding, the preferred practice of the region, in terms of profitability to the operation and management requirements. To evaluate the alternatives a deterministic biophysical-economic simulation model was constructed. The biophysical model simulates relationships between (1) the physiological status and nutritional requirements of mature gestating cows, (2) the forage base being utilized, and (3) the effects of the physical environment upon the nutritional requirements of cows and their ability to forage successfully for food. The biological simulation is designed to provide, as output, measures of cow reproductive performance and forage utilization. This information is integrated into herd and pasture management subroutines to yield measures of herd production, and pasture and feed utilization. An economic subroutine uses results from the herd production and forage utilization subroutines to estimate costs and net returns to each feeding strategy. Risk is introduced into the simulation by varying the climatic components of the physical environment. Four winter scenarios are represented, ranging from mild to very severe. Probabilities are assigned to each winter scenario for each feeding program. The probabilities under each alternative for each of the four climate scenarios are combined to yield estimates of the expected net return of the feeding strategy. Analysis of the results indicate that raked-bunched hay is the best alternative to baled hay feeding. Returns are substantially higher as a result of reduced wintering costs. Cow performance factors remain nearly identical to hay fed cows, and management of the winter operation is simplified. In addition, there appears to be little risk associated with management of the raked hay alternative. The range grazing program also yields superior economic results to the operation when compared to baled hay feeding. Although there is considerable variation in net returns to the alternative over the climate scenarios, the expected return to range grazing is substantially higher than the baled hay strategy. Variability in net returns to range grazing is due to effects of ground snow depth levels which may prevent cows from feeding on range forages. When these conditions occur emergency hay feeding is required. Management of the operation is intensified, increasing with the severity of the winter. Based upon the economic results of the simulation it appears that range grazing is a promising alternative to baled hay. However, because empirical data are limited regarding the adaptability of this alternative in the Harney Basin, more information is needed regarding (1) ground snow depth level effects upon the feeding success of cows, and (2) reproductive performance of cows following severe winters. The results of the meadow grazing alternative indicate that this strategy is not a viable alternative to baled hay feeding. Returns to the operation are reduced as the result of poor cow reproductive factors, and the vulnerability of this strategy to relatively shallow snow cover requiring large amounts of emergency feeding.
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by W. H. Shafer and published by Plenum Publishing Corporation. This book was released on 1992 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses Listed by Discipline: Aerospace Engineering. Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering. Architechtural Engineering and Urban Planning. Astronomy. Astrophysics. Ceramic Engineering. Communications Engineering and Computer Science. Cryogenic Engineering. Electrical Engineering. Engineering Mechanics. Engineering Physics. Engineering Science. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution. General and Environmental Engineering. Geochemistry and Soil Science. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering. Geology and Earth Science. Geophysics. Industrial Engineering. Marine and Ocean Engineering. Materials Science and Engineering. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering. Metallurgy. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science. 17 additional disciplines. Index.
Download or read book Economic Feasibility of Fall calving on Oregon High Desert Cow calf Operations written by Thomas Lee Nordblom and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional practice on beef cow-calf ranches in the high desert region of Eastern Oregon has been to breed the cows to calve in the Spring months. Interest has been growing recently in the practice of Fall-calving; that is, breeding cows to calve in the months of October and November. The Squaw Butte Experiment Station at Burns, Oregon, began a Fall-calving program with part of their range beef herd several years ago. They found that climatic conditions are generally more favorable for calving in the Fall, resulting in higher weaned-calf percentages. Calves from both Spring and Fall-calving herds were weaned in late Summer, with Fall calves averaging around 500 pounds compared with 330 pounds for the Spring calves. There was little doubt about the biological feasibility of the Fall-calving practice in that area, but its economic feasibility was somewhat in question. The purpose of this research was to analyze the economic aspects of Fall-calving and determine what are the most important factors in deciding its economic feasibility. A linear programming model was developed for comparing Fall and Spring-calving systems under different conditions. The model was designed to maximize net returns to labor, management and fixed resources in the beef enterprise. This model took account of range forage utilization patterns. Solutions from the model indicated that Spring-calving systems may have slightly higher net returns than Fall-calving because of two main differences: (1) the lighter Spring-born calves bring a higher average price per cwt., and (2) the Fall-calving herd requires about 1500 pounds more Winter hay than cows in the Spring-calving herd. An algebraic relationship was found between calf price differentials and the price of meadow hay, which would equate the net return values for Spring and Fall-calving systems. With an expected differential of $2. 95, between the average prices of calves sold from the Spring and Fall-calving herds, it was found that a price as low as $14.12 per ton of meadow hay would be needed to equate the net returns of a Fall-calving system with those of a Spring-calving system (with calf sales on September 1). Labor costs were not included in the model, but the ranch operator's labor situation may well be the most important element in his decision to go with Fall rather than Spring calving. The main difference is in the times of the year that labor is needed. The Fall-calving system needs more labor in the Fall, and the Spring-calving system needs even more in the Spring.
Download or read book Winter Nutrition of Fall calving Cows and Calves written by Henry Ashby Turner and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Supplementation and Delayed Weaning of an Autumn Calving Beef Herd Under Western Oregon Conditions written by Heidi Renata Buehner and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two management systems were evaluated in terms of the effects on cow condition score and body weight changes and calf growth rates. The management systems evaluated were winter supplementation of energy, winter creep feeding and delayed weaning. The calves used in this study were born in September and October of 1981. The 48 cows and their calves were brought to a feedlot situation in December and allotted to four groups to allow controlled feeding of an energy or a non-energy supplement to the cows and a creep feed to the allotted calves. The cows receiving 3.64 kg rolled barley/head/day were not different in either body weight or condition score (1 to 5 condition score scale) from the cows fed a protein (non-energy) supplement which was fed at a level to provide the equivalent protein intake for all the cows. That is, there was no effect of the additional energy present in the rolled barley on the performance of the cows or their nursing calves. Creep feeding had a significant effect on calf end weight (P=.001) and calf rate of gain (P=.001). The creep fed calves were on the average 12.95 kg heavier at the end of the trial and gained an average of 9.34 kg more than the calves not creep fed. Creep feeding, though, in today's marketplace may not be a cost effective alternative for the commercial beef producer. Delayed weaning (DW) significantly increased the ADG of calves between the ages of 196 to 266 days of age (P=.001). Steers gained significantly faster than the heifers during this period (P=.001). DW calves did not have a significantly higher ADG than the control (C) calves during the postweaning period (to yearling age), but the DW ADG from 196 days of age to yearling age was still significantly greater than the C calves (P=.001). Postruminal digestion of milk during the experimental period may be the reason for the additional gains by the DW calves. Delayed weaning of fall born calves appears to be a sound management alternative under western Oregon conditions. Winter supplementation of cows and/or calves during the winter months did not realize significant changes in body weight and condition or the profitability of the sale of beef calves.
Download or read book Winter Feeding Programs for Beef Cattle and Calves written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Feeding Programs for Beef Cattle and Calves written by Ken Krieg and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Feeding Programs for Beef Cows and Calves written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Winter Nutrition on Reproduction Cow Weights and Calf Gains for Spring calving Beef Cows written by Duane Davis and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Comparison of Beef Cattle Calving Dates and Winter Feeding Alternatives written by Gary J. May and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mineral Assessment of Open Range Livestock Production on The Warm Springs Indian Reservation written by Fara Ann Brummer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Warm Springs Reservation is located in central Oregon. Livestock production consists of beef (commercial with an Angus, Horned Hereford base) and roping (Corriente and Longhorn) cattle and horses that forage most of the year on the open range within reservation boundaries. Forage consists of annual and perennial grasses and shrubs, with winter feed supplementation on some cattle operations. Calving season tends to be year round, with the concentration of managed calving during the early spring. Calf crops vary from 40% to 95%. Conversations with tribal producers indicate a past history of retained placentas and reproductive issues, indicating that mineral deficiencies may be present. Previous blood samples on horses and cattle have documented low levels of selenium. An analysis of blood serum mineral levels in breeding cows was conducted, along with the oral history from two tribal producers, in order to assess mineral differences and potential calf crop differences in cattle. Three herds of ten breeding cows each were tested in the fall of 2007. The tested herds were: I) crossbred Angus with mineral supplementation (AxS), II) crossbred Angus without mineral supplementation (AxU), and III), and crossbred Longhorn without mineral supplementation (LxU). Plant samples were also collected in October 2008 and May 2009 to determine mineral content of forages within the study site area. Results demonstrated that there was a significant difference in serum selenium content between AxS and AxU, and a difference in calf crops. There was no significant difference in serum selenium content of AxU and LxU, although there was a difference in calf crops. Plant mineral levels varied by species and season, but were consistently inadequate in sodium, zinc, selenium, fall phosphorus, and iodine. A blood analysis of range cattle, followed with the appropriate mineral supplement can address local deficiencies and potentially contribute to overall health and productivity of range livestock at Warm Springs.
Download or read book Management and Marketing Strategies for High Desert Beef Ranches in Eastern Oregon written by Eugene Duane Panasuk and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ranchers in the high desert area of Eastern Oregon traditionally market their calves when they are weaned in late fall. This is the time when the market prices for calves are at a seasonal low. In this study the economic feasibility of various alternative management and marketing strategies for the utilization of range forage with a spring calving operation is determined. The operational objectives were (1) to determine the most profitable time and weight to market the spring-born calves, (2) to determine whether supplementary feeding of yearlings is economically feasible, (3) to explore the competitive relationship between cows and yearlings for limited range forage, and (4) to determine the combination of beef production and growing activities which will provide the highest net returns. Linear programming was used to determine the combination of activities that would maximize net returns subject to the constraint of forage quality and quantity. The quality and quantity of the range forage was determined by using data provided by the Squaw Butte Experiment Station, Burns, Oregon. All the basic data pertaining to the high desert area were obtained from Squaw Butte. The initial L.P. solution indicated the heifers should be sold March 1 at 600 pounds having been fed to gain 1.5 pounds per day while the steers were sold April 16 at 780 pounds, gaining 2.0 pounds per day. The cows earned a higher MVP for the limited resource, range forage, than could the yearlings either with or without supplementary feeding. In the second solution barley price was reduced from $50 to $45 per ton and the steers were sold April 16 at 780 pounds (same as initial solution). The heifers were sold June 16 weighing 900 pounds having been fed to gain 2.0 pounds per day. Supplementary feed was provided on the range for these heifers from April 16 to June 15. The study shows that the traditional management and marketing practice is not the most profitable alternative. The feed costs are less than the increase in income from feeding the animals to heavier weights.
Download or read book Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.
Download or read book Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan written by Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Team and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Western Turf Wars written by Mike Hudak and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mike Hudak traveled throughout the West speaking with former employees of wildlife and land management agencies, and citizens who have long advocated for better management of our public lands. Western Turf Wars is a compliation of these accounts - testimonies that reveal how and why the management agencies have failed to protect our public lands. Underlying that management failure is the cowboy myth's social and political legacies.
Download or read book Anagram Solver written by Bloomsbury Publishing and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anagram Solver is the essential guide to cracking all types of quiz and crossword featuring anagrams. Containing over 200,000 words and phrases, Anagram Solver includes plural noun forms, palindromes, idioms, first names and all parts of speech. Anagrams are grouped by the number of letters they contain with the letters set out in alphabetical order so that once the letters of an anagram are arranged alphabetically, finding the solution is as easy as locating the word in a dictionary.
Download or read book Forage Evaluation written by J. L. Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
