Download or read book A COMBUSTION MODEL FOR MULTI COMPONENT FUELS BASED ON RELATIVE REACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : A reliable multi-component surrogate fuel model needs to be able to represent both physical properties and chemical kinetics of a real fuel. However, enhancing the fidelity of a model with detailed description of physical and chemical behavior of all fuel components found in real fuels is limited by the prohibitive computational load to calculate the combustion chemistry of the fuel. Hence, it is desirable to achieve computational efficiency by reducing the number of chemical surrogates at the minimum expense of prediction accuracy. The objective of this work is to develop a model that can simulate the oxidation of multi-component fuels by representing the ignition characteristics of physical surrogate components with fewer chemical surrogates and achieve both computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. The main advantage of the model, called the Reactivity-Adjustment (ReAd) combustion model, is to accurately predict the reactivity of the physical surrogate components that the reaction mechanisms of which are not included in the reaction kinetics model employed in the simulation. The reactivity variation of local mixtures with different compositions is modeled by adjusting the reaction rate constants of selected control-reactions in the reaction mechanism of the representative chemical surrogates. An initial version of the model has been developed employing a single chemical surrogate to represent the combustion of diesel fuel which is modeled as multiple surrogate components to capture the physical properties of the real fuel. The model was extended to consider two more chemical surrogate components to represent the ignition characteristics of other chemical families than n-alkanes. This enabled to avoid the excessive adjustment of reaction rate constants that were necessary when a single chemical surrogate is used to represent the oxidation kinetics of entire multi-component fuels. The model was extensively tested for simulating oxidation processes of many fuels with a variety of fuel reactivity and in various combustion regimes. The results demonstrated that excellent accuracy of the ignition/combustion prediction was achieved while ensuring computational efficiency.
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling of Gas Phase Complex Reaction Systems Pyrolysis and Combustion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion, Volume 45, gives an overview of the different steps involved in the development and application of detailed kinetic mechanisms, mainly relating to pyrolysis and combustion processes. The book is divided into two parts that cover the chemistry and kinetic models and then the numerical and statistical methods. It offers a comprehensive coverage of the theory and tools needed, along with the steps necessary for practical and industrial applications. Details thermochemical properties and "ab initio" calculations of elementary reaction rates Details kinetic mechanisms of pyrolysis and combustion processes Explains experimental data for improving reaction models and for kinetic mechanisms assessment Describes surrogate fuels and molecular reconstruction of hydrocarbon liquid mixtures Describes pollutant formation in combustion systems Solves and validates the kinetic mechanisms using numerical and statistical methods Outlines optimal design of industrial burners and optimization and dynamic control of pyrolysis furnaces Outlines large eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows
Download or read book Experiments and Modeling of Multi Component Fuel Behavior in Combustion written by Peter R. Solomon and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A computer model was developed to relate pyrolysis and soot formation to fuel properties. A Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to characterize the effect of temperature, pressure, reaction time, and hydrogen and oxygen concentration of fuels undergoing pyrolysis. The problem of how to identify and measure the hydrogen available for release during pyrolysis was investigated. A detailed data base of a variety of fuels undergoing pyrolysis was developed. The data base conditions included: temperature 800-1500 C; pressure 1-15 atm; and reaction time 100ms-1 sec. Experimental data results show that fuels decompose to form small hydrocarbon species prior to the onset of soot formation. A hydrocarbon model was extended to include Rice-Kossiakoff-Herzfeld mechanism to predict the decomposition of long chain aliphatics to small molecules. A free radical soot model was developed to predict the growth of soot precursors from the small molecules. Keywords: Combustion pyrolysis model; Soot formation; Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy; Rice-Kossiakoff-Herzfeld mechanism; Free radical.
Download or read book Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future written by Kenneth Brezinsky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-02-16 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the demands for cleaner, more efficient, reduced and zero carbon emitting transportation increase, the traditional focus of Combustion Chemistry research is stretching and adapting to help provide solutions to these contemporary issues. Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future: What will the Next 25 Years of Research Require? presents a guide to current research in the field and an exploration of possible future steps as we move towards cleaner, greener and reduced carbon combustion chemistry. Beginning with a discussion of engine emissions and soot, the book goes on to discuss a range of alternative fuels, including hydrogen, ammonia, small alcohols and other bio-oxygenates, natural gas, syngas and synthesized hydrocarbon fuels. Methods for predicting and improving efficiency and sustainability, such as low temperature and catalytic combustion, chemical looping, supercritical fluid combustion, and diagnostic monitoring even at high pressure, are then explored. Some novel aspects of biomass derived aviation fuels and combustion synthesis are also covered. Combining the knowledge and experience of an interdisciplinary team of experts in the field, Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future: What will the Next 25 Years of Research Require? is an insightful guide to current and future focus areas for combustion chemistry researchers in line with the transition to greener, cleaner technologies. Provides insight on current developments in combustion chemistry as a tool for supporting a reduced-carbon future Reviews modeling and diagnostic tools, in addition to key approaches and alternative fuels Includes projections for the future from leaders in the field, pointing current and prospective researchers to potentially fruitful areas for exploration
Download or read book Generating Reduced Mechanisms for Realistic Multi component Fuel Combustion written by Lara Backer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The race to reduce pollutant emissions from hydrocarbon combustion while simultaneously increasing fuel efficiency and optimizing engine performance calls for the use of numerical simulations in parallel with, or in lieu of, expensive and time-consuming experiments. To explore the efficacy of emerging alternative fuels and additives in numerical simulations and to predict the effects of the fuel description on emissions, the fuel should be treated as one of the optimization parameters. This necessitates an accurate and detailed description of the fuel and its breakdown, as combustion kinetics are exceedingly dependent on fuel constituents. However, the combustion of even a single fuel component can involve hundreds of species and thousands of reactions, requiring prohibitively high CPU times for realistic simulations of complex fuels with detailed chemistry. An advantageous strategy to combat this difficulty is to employ reduced-order modeling by replacing the realistic fuel blend with a simplified description called a surrogate, in tandem with reducing the chemical kinetic mechanism. In recent years, a component library framework has been proposed to facilitate the creation of reduced-order models for practical applications. The idea is that chemical models for single-component fuels can be reduced separately and combined at-will to represent any surrogate blend of interest. However, this approach fails when individual fuel molecules have significant non-linear interactions with one another during combustion, or when the prediction of pollutant formation is of interest, since the kinetics involved strongly depend on the details of the multi-component fuel mixture. In this work, two new strategies are presented to automatically facilitate the generation of compact, reduced-order models for multi-component fuels. The first addresses the drawbacks of the component library framework by efficiently allowing for the automatic creation of reduced fuel component oxidation mechanisms and the addition of secondary pathways of interest onto existing component library modules, directly at the reduced level. The second generates a compact description of multi-component fuel decomposition chemistry, significantly reducing the computational cost of simulating fuels with numerous constituents. Reduced-order models created with these techniques are shown to reproduce the behavior of detailed kinetic models reasonably well. Subsequent studies leverage the strategies presented here to produce reduced kinetic mechanisms for multi-component fuel chemistry. A preliminary analysis highlights relevant combustion regimes and useful canonical problems to consider when reducing models for turbulent combustion applications. Results from this analysis are used to guide the creation of a compact reduced-order model for jet fuel.
Download or read book Automotive Fuels Reference Book written by Paul Richards and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two editions of this title, published by SAE International in 1990 and 1995, have been best-selling definitive references for those needing technical information about automotive fuels. This long-awaited new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, yet retains the original fundamental fuels information that readers find so useful. This book is written for those with an interest in or a need to understand automotive fuels. Because automotive fuels can no longer be developed in isolation from the engines that will convert the fuel into the power necessary to drive our automobiles, knowledge of automotive fuels will also be essential to those working with automotive engines. Small quantities of fuel additives increasingly play an important role in bridging the gap that often exists between fuel that can easily be produced and fuel that is needed by the ever-more sophisticated automotive engine. This book pulls together in a single, extensively referenced volume, the three different but related topics of automotive fuels, fuel additives, and engines, and shows how all three areas work together. It includes a brief history of automotive fuels development, followed by chapters on automotive fuels manufacture from crude oil and other fossil sources. One chapter is dedicated to the manufacture of automotive fuels and fuel blending components from renewable sources. The safe handling, transport, and storage of fuels, from all sources, are covered. New combustion systems to achieve reduced emissions and increased efficiency are discussed, and the way in which the fuels’ physical and chemical characteristics affect these combustion processes and the emissions produced are included. There is also discussion on engine fuel system development and how these different systems affect the corresponding fuel requirements. Because the book is for a global market, fuel system technologies that only exist in the legacy fleet in some markets are included. The way in which fuel requirements are developed and specified is discussed. This covers test methods from simple laboratory bench tests, through engine testing, and long-term test procedures.
Download or read book Effect of Fuel Chemical Composition on Pyrolytic Reactivity and Deposition Propensity Under Supercritical Conditions written by Brian Philip McMasters and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As modern hypersonic aircraft designs evolve, increasing heat sink capabilities are required. One potential approach is the use of endothermic fuels, which supplement fuel heat sink via sensible heating with endothermic chemical reactions. Endothermic reactions can proceed by thermal or catalytic decomposition of the fuel. Regardless of the specific methodology, thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) will occur at the expected reaction conditions. Improved understanding of the effect of chemical composition on supercritical pyrolytic reactivity and deposition propensity is needed to provide a basis of understanding for advanced fuel and system development. In this effort, a small-scale flow reactor system was developed to study the reactivity and deposition propensity of various hydrocarbon fuels and solvents of differing chemical composition. Experimental and computational studies were performed to investigate the relationship between fuel chemical composition and reactivity under supercritical conditions. Nine fuels and solvents of varying chemical composition were studied to evaluate pyrolytic reactivity and decomposition pathways. Chemical classes studied included normal paraffins, iso paraffins, and cycloparaffins in various combinations. Experimental studies were performed at reaction temperatures of 500-650℗ʻC and inlet flow rates of 0.50-3.00 mL/min, with a nominal system pressure of 500 psig. Corresponding equivalent residence times at these reaction conditions ranged from 0.2-11.4 sec. A fuel conversion metric was defined to allow comparison of the reactivity of multi-component fuels at equivalent inlet reaction conditions. Normal and iso-paraffinic solvents, as well as a blend of the two, had similar overall reactivities at equivalent inlet reactor conditions. Normal paraffins formed primarily lower-molecular weight normal paraffins and a-olefins, while iso-paraffins formed primarily lower-molecular weight iso-paraffins and branched olefins. It was observed that normal paraffins decomposed at a higher rate than iso paraffins in a blend of the two classes, indicating that iso-paraffins accelerate the relative decomposition rate of the linear compounds. Fuels and solvents with cycloparaffins had lower extents of conversion at equivalent reaction conditions. Aromatic species were formed at higher yields from fuels and solvents with higher cycloparaffin concentrations. It was observed that multi-component solvents decomposed under similar reaction pathways to single-component compounds; likewise, fully formulated fuels were found to decompose under similar pathways to multi component solvents of similar chemical compositions. The supercritical pyrolysis of the fuels and solvents was modeled as a first-order irreversible reaction to assist with reactivity comparisons among fuels and allow subsequent predictions. Supercritical pyrolysis was found to deviate from first-order reaction behavior at high conversion levels (> 30%), which limited the use of this simple kinetic analysis. The normal paraffinic solvent (Norpar-13) had estimated kinetic parameters of 60.7 kcal/mol activation energy and 1015· s−1 pre-exponential factor, while a specification JP-7 fuel sample was found to have kinetic parameters of 56.2 kcal/mol and 1013·5 s−1. Valid kinetic analysis is dependent upon accurate modeling of physical properties for estimation of residence times. A preliminary investigation of the deposition propensity of seven fuels and solvents was also performed in this effort. Significant differences in deposition rates were observed between fuels and solvents with similar chemical compositions, indicating that deposition propensity may not be solely determined by bulk chemical composition. Further investigation is needed to better understand the mechanisms of deposition formation in supercritical pyrolysis.
Download or read book Army Research Office and Air Force Office of Scientific Research 2002 Contractors Meeting in Chemical Propulsion written by David M. Mann and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts are given for 6.1 basic research in chemical propulsion sponsored by the Army Research Office and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
Download or read book MILD Combustion Modelling Challenges Experimental Configurations and Diagnostic Tools written by Alessandro Parente and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Phase Combustion Chemistry written by W.C., Jr. Gardiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-12-10 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superseding Gardiner's "Combustion Chemistry", this is an updated, comprehensive coverage of those aspects of combustion chemistry relevant to gas-phase combustion of hydrocarbons. The book includes an extended discussion of air pollutant chemistry and aspects of combustion, and reviews elementary reactions of nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine compounds that are relevant to combustion. Methods of combustion modeling and rate coefficient estimation are presented, as well as access to databases for combustion thermochemistry and modeling.
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling of Gas Phase Complex Reaction Systems Pyrolysis and Combustion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion, Volume 45, gives an overview of the different steps involved in the development and application of detailed kinetic mechanisms, mainly relating to pyrolysis and combustion processes. The book is divided into two parts that cover the chemistry and kinetic models and then the numerical and statistical methods. It offers a comprehensive coverage of the theory and tools needed, along with the steps necessary for practical and industrial applications. Details thermochemical properties and "ab initio" calculations of elementary reaction rates Details kinetic mechanisms of pyrolysis and combustion processes Explains experimental data for improving reaction models and for kinetic mechanisms assessment Describes surrogate fuels and molecular reconstruction of hydrocarbon liquid mixtures Describes pollutant formation in combustion systems Solves and validates the kinetic mechanisms using numerical and statistical methods Outlines optimal design of industrial burners and optimization and dynamic control of pyrolysis furnaces Outlines large eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows
Download or read book Low temperature Combustion and Autoignition written by M.J. Pilling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-27 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion has played a central role in the development of our civilization which it maintains today as its predominant source of energy. The aim of this book is to provide an understanding of both fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature combustion chemistry and autoignition. The topic is rooted in classical observational science and has grown, through an increasing understanding of the linkage of the phenomenology to coupled chemical reactions, to quite profound advances in the chemical kinetics of both complex and elementary reactions. The driving force has been both the intrinsic interest of an old and intriguing phenomenon and the centrality of its applications to our economic prosperity. The volume provides a coherent view of the subject while, at the same time, each chapter is self-contained.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics written by Cameron Tropea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-09 with total page 1570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying DVD-ROM contains ... "all chapters of the Springer Handbook."--Page 3 of cover.
Download or read book Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification written by Marcio L. de Souza-Santos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-07 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between theory and application, this reference demonstrates the operational mechanisms, modeling, and simulation of equipment for the combustion and gasification of solid fuels. Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification: Modeling, Simulation, and Equipment Operation clearly illustrates procedures to improve and optimize the de
Download or read book Dust Explosion Dynamics written by Russell A. Ogle and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-09-10 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dust Explosion Dynamics focuses on the combustion science that governs the behavior of the three primary hazards of combustible dust: dust explosions, flash fires, and smoldering. It explores the use of fundamental principles to evaluate the magnitude of combustible dust hazards in a variety of settings. Models are developed to describe dust combustion phenomena using the principles of thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and chemical kinetics. Simple, tractable models are described first and compared with experimental data, followed by more sophisticated models to help with future challenges. Dr. Ogle introduces the reader to just enough combustion science so that they may read, interpret, and use the scientific literature published on combustible dusts. This introductory text is intended to be a practical guide to the application of combustible dust models, suitable for both students and experienced engineers. It will help you to describe the dynamics of explosions and fires involving dust and evaluate their consequences which in turn will help you prevent damage to property, injury and loss of life from combustible dust accidents. Demonstrates how the fundamental principles of combustion science can be applied to understand the ignition, propagation, and extinction of dust explosions Explores fundamental concepts through model-building and comparisons with empirical data Provides detailed examples to give a thorough insight into the hazards of combustible dust as well as an introduction to relevant scientific literature
