Download or read book A Climatology of Central Great Plains Mesoscale Convective Systems written by Richard A. Dirks and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Climatology of Mesoscale Convective Systems in the United States written by A. M. Haberlie and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research initially evaluates the ability of image processing and select machine learning algorithms to identify midlatitude mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in radar reflectivity images for the conterminous United States. Results using a testing dataset suggest that the algorithms can distinguish between MCS and non-MCS samples with high probability of detection and low probability of false detection. Next, sensitivity tests are performed to assess MCS tracking performance. Frequency maps and time series generated from detected MCS tracks suggest that the spatiotemporal occurrence is reasonable, and machine learning predictions are found to limit areas of high MCS frequency to the central and eastern Great Plains. This approach is them applied to composite radar reflectivity mosaic images that cover the contiguous United States (CONUS) and span an unprecedented study period of 22 years (1996-2017). The results illustrate two preferred regions for MCS activity in the CONUS: 1) the Mid South and Gulf Coast, and 2) the Central Plains and Midwest. MCS occurrence and MCS rainfall displays a marked seasonal cycle, with most areas experiencing these events during the warm season (May-August). Additionally, MCS rainfall was responsible for over 50\% of annual and seasonal rainfall for many locations in the CONUS. These results confirm that MCSs are a significant aspect of the CONUS hydroclimate, and understanding how these events may change between now and the late 21st century should be a research priority. Finally, this approach is used to detect potential changes in linear and nonlinear mesoscale convective systems (MCS) occurrence in the Midwest United States between the early and late 21st century using convection-permitting climate simulation output. A comparison between observed and the control run MCS statistics is performed, which finds a negative bias that agrees with previous work. Using a convolutional neural network to perform probabilistic predictions, the MCS dataset is further stratified into highly organized, quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs)---which can include bow echoes, squall lines, and line echo wave patterns---and generally less-organized, Non-QLCS events. The morphologically stratified data reveal that the negative MCS bias in this region is largely driven by too few QLCSs. Although comparisons between the control run and a pseudo-global warming run suggest that all MCS events are less common in the future (including QLCS and Non-QLCS events), these changes are not spatially significant, whereas the biases between the control run and observations are spatially significant.
Download or read book Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting written by Peter Ray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of selected lectures presented at the ‘Intensive Course on Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting’ in Boulder, USA, in 1984. It includes mesoscale classifications, observing techniques and systems, internally generated circulations, mesoscale convective systems, externally forced circulations, modeling and short-range forecasting techniques. This is a highly illustrated book and comprehensive work, including extensive bibliographic references. It is aimed at graduates in meteorology and for professionals working in the field.
Download or read book Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes written by Paul Markowski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesoscale Meteorology in Mid-Latitudes presents the dynamics of mesoscale meteorological phenomena in a highly accessible, student-friendly manner. The book's clear mathematical treatments are complemented by high-quality photographs and illustrations. Comprehensive coverage of subjects including boundary layer mesoscale phenomena, orographic phenomena and deep convection is brought together with the latest developments in the field to provide an invaluable resource for mesoscale meteorology students. Mesoscale Meteorology in Mid-Latitudes functions as a comprehensive, easy-to-use undergraduate textbook while also providing a useful reference for graduate students, research scientists and weather industry professionals. Illustrated in full colour throughout Covers the latest developments and research in the field Comprehensive coverage of deep convection and its initiation Uses real life examples of phenomena taken from broad geographical areas to demonstrate the practical aspects of the science
Download or read book North Central Great Plains Derecho Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems DMCSs written by Mace L. Bentley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar written by V. N. Bringi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-08-30 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 book provides a detailed introduction to the principles of Doppler and polarimetric radar, focusing in particular on their use in the analysis of weather systems. The design features and operation of practical radar systems are highlighted throughout the book in order to illustrate important theoretical foundations. The authors begin by discussing background topics such as electromagnetic scattering, polarization, and wave propagation. They then deal in detail with the engineering aspects of pulsed Doppler polarimetric radar, including the relevant signal theory, spectral estimation techniques, and noise considerations. They close by examining a range of key applications in meteorology and remote sensing. The book will be of great use to graduate students of electrical engineering and atmospheric science as well as to practitioners involved in the applications of polarimetric radar systems.
Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Download or read book Severe Convective Storms written by Charles Doswell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly illustrated book is a collection of 13 review papers focusing on convective storms and the weather they produce. It discusses severe convective storms, mesoscale processes, tornadoes and tornadic storms, severe local storms, flash flood forecast and the electrification of severe storms.
Download or read book Cloud Dynamics written by Robert A. Houze Jr. and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-06-28 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds play a critical role in the Earth's climate, general atmospheric circulation, and global water balance. Clouds are essential elements in mesoscale meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, air pollution, atmosphericradiation, and weather forecasting, and thus must be understood by any student or researcher in the atmospheric sciences. Cloud Dynamics provides a skillful and comprehensive examination of the nature of clouds--what they look like and why, how scientists observe them, and the basic dynamics and physics that underlie them. The book describes the mechanics governing each type of cloud that occurs in Earth's atmosphere, and the organization of various types of clouds in larger weather systems such as fronts, thunderstorms, and hurricanes.This book is aimed specifically at graduate students, advanced undergraduates, practicing researchers either already in atmospheric science or moving in from a related scientific field, and operational meteorologists. Some prior knowledge of atmospheric dynamics and physics is helpful, but a thorough overview of the necessary prerequisites is supplied. Provides a complete treatment of clouds integrating the analysis of air motions with cloud structure, microphysics, and precipitation mechanics Describes and explains the basic types of clouds and cloud systems that occur in the atmosphere-fog, stratus, stratocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, cirrus, thunderstorms, tornadoes, waterspouts, orographically induced clouds, mesoscale convection complexes, hurricanes, fronts, and extratropical cyclones Presents a photographic guide, presented in the first chapter, linking the examination of each type of cloud with an image to enhance visual retention and understanding Summarizes the fundamentals, both observational and theoretical, of atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, and radar meteorology, allowing each type of cloud to be examined in depth Integrates the latest field observations, numerical model simulations, and theory Supplies a theoretical treatment suitable for the advanced undergraduate or graduate level
Download or read book Thunderstorms a Social Scientific Technological Documentary The thunderstorm in human affairs written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydroclimate Changes Over the Great Plains Since the Last Glacial Maximum written by Chijun Sun and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The weather extremes associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Great Plains have substantial socio-economic impacts on the regions’ diverse and growing society. It remains unclear how anthropogenic warming will affect the climate of this region in the future due to large uncertainties in simulated precipitation changes by climate models and a lack of knowledge about the long-term variability of these storms. This dissertation seeks to improve our understanding of the climate dynamics of the Great Plains, focusing on using past changes in MCS activity and hydroclimate to understand their responses to external forcings. To do so, I generate a 20,000-year record of MCS activity and hydroclimate in central Texas using the D/H ratios of sedimentary leaf waxes coupled with trace element analysis and carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter. To improve our confidence in the interpretation of hydrogen isotope data, I first investigate the meteorological controls on the isotopic composition of precipitation in the Great Plains, which suggests that the isotopic ratios of rainwater mainly reflect the magnitude of the dominating MCS storms over this region, with larger and stronger MCSs producing more negative isotopic values and vice versa. Based on our improved understanding of the regional isotope systematics, our multi-proxy record shows pronounced responses of MCS to external forcings (i.e., retreating ice sheets, solar insolation) on orbital to centennial timescales. Results from transient climate model simulations indicate that variations in the intensity of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet in response to springtime land surface warming can account for these changes in MCS activity. Differential springtime warming over the continent and the North Atlantic drives steeper zonal temperature and pressure gradients over the Great Plains, intensifying the Great Plains Low-Level Jet which consequently enhances the magnitude of Great Plains MCSs via increased moisture availability. These results provide important implications for the potential responses of Great Plains MCS activity to anthropogenic warming, where more pronounced land surface warming relative to the ocean may dynamically intensify future storms with increased risks for extreme weather in the Great Plains
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.
Download or read book Self Organizing Maps written by Teuvo Kohonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book we have at hand is the fourth monograph I wrote for Springer Verlag. The previous one named "Self-Organization and Associative Mem ory" (Springer Series in Information Sciences, Volume 8) came out in 1984. Since then the self-organizing neural-network algorithms called SOM and LVQ have become very popular, as can be seen from the many works re viewed in Chap. 9. The new results obtained in the past ten years or so have warranted a new monograph. Over these years I have also answered lots of questions; they have influenced the contents of the present book. I hope it would be of some interest and help to the readers if I now first very briefly describe the various phases that led to my present SOM research, and the reasons underlying each new step. I became interested in neural networks around 1960, but could not in terrupt my graduate studies in physics. After I was appointed Professor of Electronics in 1965, it still took some years to organize teaching at the uni versity. In 1968 - 69 I was on leave at the University of Washington, and D. Gabor had just published his convolution-correlation model of autoasso ciative memory. I noticed immediately that there was something not quite right about it: the capacity was very poor and the inherent noise and crosstalk were intolerable. In 1970 I therefore sugge~ted the auto associative correlation matrix memory model, at the same time as J.A. Anderson and K. Nakano.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability pts 1 2 Contributions to probability theory written by Lucien Marie Le Cam and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Environmental Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-14 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we understand and rise to the environmental challenges of global change? One clear answer is to understand the science of global change, not solely in terms of the processes that control changes in climate and the composition of the atmosphere, but in how ecosystems and human society interact with these changes. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a number of such research effortsâ€"supported by computer and satellite technologyâ€"have been launched. Yet many opportunities for integration remain unexploited, and many fundamental questions remain about the earth's capacity to support a growing human population. This volume encourages a renewed commitment to understanding global change and sets a direction for research in the decade ahead. Through case studies the book explores what can be learned from the lessons of the past 20 years and what are the outstanding scientific questions. Highlights include: Research imperatives and strategies for investigators in the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate, ecosystem studies, and human dimensions of global change. The context of climate change, including lessons to be gleaned from paleoclimatology. Human responses toâ€"and forcing ofâ€"projected global change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of global change research to date and provides a framework for answering urgent questions.
Download or read book Climate Dynamics written by De-Zheng Sun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 189. Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary? presents the major climate phenomena within the climate system to underscore the potency of dynamics in giving rise to climate change and variability. These phenomena include deep convection over the Indo-Pacific warm pool and its planetary-scale organization: the Madden-Julian Oscillation, the monsoons, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the low-frequency variability of extratropical circulations. The volume also has a chapter focusing on the discussion of the causes of the recent melting of Arctic sea ice and a chapter devoted to the discussion of the causes of recent changes in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones. On each topic, the basic material of climate dynamics is covered to aid the understanding of the forefront research, making the volume accessible to a broad spectrum of readers. The volume highlights include Diabatic and nonlinear aspects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Causes of sea ice melting in the Arctic Impact of global warming on tropical cyclone activity Origins of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Causes of climate variability of Asian monsoons The volume will be of particular interest to graduate students and young researchers in atmospheric and oceanic sciences and related disciplines such as geology and geography. The book will also be a good read for those who have a more general interest in the Earth's climate and why it varies.
