Download or read book A Cache Technique for Synchronization Variables in Highly Parallel Shared Memory Systems Classic Reprint written by Wayne Berke and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-10 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Cache Technique for Synchronization Variables in Highly Parallel, Shared Memory Systems Caches have traditionally been used to lower the average latency of memory access. When paired with the individual cpus of a multiprocessor, they have the'additional benefit of reducing the overall load on the processor-memory interconnection. Since synchronization variables have been identified as centers of memory conten tion, we have looked at methods of utilizing the cache to minimize this effect. A technique of polling the cache is proposed to deal with this problem. Consistency within the caches is maintained with a bottleneck-free update facility that exploits the topology of the multistage network. Since an indiscriminate broadcast-ou-write policy can lead to severe network congestion at high levels of parallelism, we selec tively invoke these updates from the software. We illustrate our methods with a number of useful synchronization algorithms and present simulation results that sup port the feasibility of our design. In addition to providing support for basic syn chronization operations, our methodology is generally applicable to all parallel algo rithms that utilize polling. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book A Cache Technique for Synchronization Variables in Highly Parallel Shared Memory Systems written by Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. Ultracomputer Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Cache Technique for Synchronization Variables in Highly Parallel Shared Memory Systems written by Wayne Berke and published by Andesite Press. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Shared Memory Synchronization written by Michael L. Scott and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From driving, flying, and swimming, to digging for unknown objects in space exploration, autonomous robots take on varied shapes and sizes. In part, autonomous robots are designed to perform tasks that are too dirty, dull, or dangerous for humans. With nontrivial autonomy and volition, they may soon claim their own place in human society. These robots will be our allies as we strive for understanding our natural and man-made environments and build positive synergies around us. Although we may never perfect replication of biological capabilities in robots, we must harness the inevitable emergence of robots that synchronizes with our own capacities to live, learn, and grow. This book is a snapshot of motivations and methodologies for our collective attempts to transform our lives and enable us to cohabit with robots that work with and for us. It reviews and guides the reader to seminal and continual developments that are the foundations for successful paradigms. It attempts to demystify the abilities and limitations of robots. It is a progress report on the continuing work that will fuel future endeavors. Table of Contents: Part I: Preliminaries/Agency, Motion, and Anatomy/Behaviors / Architectures / Affect/Sensors / Manipulators/Part II: Mobility/Potential Fields/Roadmaps / Reactive Navigation / Multi-Robot Mapping: Brick and Mortar Strategy / Part III: State of the Art / Multi-Robotics Phenomena / Human-Robot Interaction / Fuzzy Control / Decision Theory and Game Theory / Part IV: On the Horizon / Applications: Macro and Micro Robots / References / Author Biography / Discussion
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Memories in Highly Parallel Systems Classic Reprint written by Kevin Patrick McAuliffe and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Analysis of Cache Memories in Highly Parallel Systems Analogous to reducing the effective memory access time in uniprocessor sys tems, a memory hierarchy can be used in parallel processor systems that employ a PE to central memory connection network the hierarchy comprising a local memory associated with each PE and a large central memory. The inclusion of a local memory reduces the effective memory access time since the resulting access time is an average of the network and local memory latencies. Moreover, since the local memory services a percentage of all memory requests. Network traffic is diminished, thus reducing network latency. The indiscriminate use of a local memory, however, can introduce memory coherence violations a memory system. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Shared Memory Synchronization written by Michael Lee Scott and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zusammenfassung: This book offers a comprehensive survey of shared-memory synchronization, with an emphasis on "systems-level" issues. It includes sufficient coverage of architectural details to understand correctness and performance on modern multicore machines, and sufficient coverage of higher-level issues to understand how synchronization is embedded in modern programming languages. The primary intended audience for this book is "systems programmers"--the authors of operating systems, library packages, language run-time systems, concurrent data structures, and server and utility programs. Much of the discussion should also be of interest to application programmers who want to make good use of the synchronization mechanisms available to them, and to computer architects who want to understand the ramifications of their design decisions on systems-level code
Download or read book Scalable Caching Techniques for a Weakly Coherent Memory written by K. Zamanifar and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "There is a growing acceptance that general purpose parallel computers need to be based on a scalable shared memory computational model, with the ability to exploit data locality for good performance. Today, this is commonly achieved by mapping the model onto a distributed memory computer with a scalable interconnect (supporting linear increases in bisection bandwidth). Example machines are the Cray T3D, IBM SP2 and Intel Paragon, which can scale in performance to 100's or 1000's of processors. This results in a two-level memory hierarchy, in which data is either local or shared across the machine. The next few years will see a trend in the move towards cache coherent multiprocessors, using the techniques employed by machines such as the KSR (cache-only memory) and the DASH (distributed directories). An example is the forthcoming Silicon Graphics cache coherent multiprocessor. This will simplify the programming model by presenting a single level memory hierarchy, consisting of a system-wide shared address space. Multiple copies of a shared variable are then automatically maintained in a coherent state by the machine. This paper describes a highly scalable caching technique, which is targeted at a specific form of shared memory model, called the WPRAM. Shared data is weakly coherent, in that a processor wishing to read newly written shared data must explicitly synchronise in some way with the writer of that data. The example provided supports coherency for barrier synchronisation operations, but can be extended to other forms. An example of the use of this method is shown through an implementation of the simplex method for linear programming. Results are based on a simulation of a scalable distributed memory machine. An analytical model is used to describe the performance of the algorithm and verify the simulation results."
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Download or read book Shared Memory Parallelism Can Be Simple Fast and Scalable written by Julian Shun and published by ACM Books. This book was released on 2017 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parallelism is the key to achieving high performance in computing. However, writing efficient and scalable parallel programs is notoriously difficult, and often requires significant expertise. To address this challenge, it is crucial to provide programmers with high-level tools to enable them to develop solutions easily, and at the same time emphasize the theoretical and practical aspects of algorithm design to allow the solutions developed to run efficiently under many different settings. This thesis addresses this challenge using a three-pronged approach consisting of the design of shared-memory programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms for important problems in computing. The thesis provides evidence that with appropriate programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms, shared-memory programs can be simple, fast, and scalable, both in theory and in practice. The results developed in this thesis serve to ease the transition into the multicore era. The first part of this thesis introduces tools and techniques for deterministic parallel programming, including means for encapsulating nondeterminism via powerful commutative building blocks, as well as a novel framework for executing sequential iterative loops in parallel, which lead to deterministic parallel algorithms that are efficient both in theory and in practice. The second part of this thesis introduces Ligra, the first high-level shared memory framework for parallel graph traversal algorithms. The framework allows programmers to express graph traversal algorithms using very short and concise code, delivers performance competitive with that of highly-optimized code, and is up to orders of magnitude faster than existing systems designed for distributed memory. This part of the thesis also introduces Ligra+, which extends Ligra with graph compression techniques to reduce space usage and improve parallel performance at the same time, and is also the first graph processing system to support in-memory graph compression. The third and fourth parts of this thesis bridge the gap between theory and practice in parallel algorithm design by introducing the first algorithms for a variety of important problems on graphs and strings that are efficient both in theory and in practice. For example, the thesis develops the first linear-work and polylogarithmic-depth algorithms for suffix tree construction and graph connectivity that are also practical, as well as a work-efficient, polylogarithmic-depth, and cache-efficient shared-memory algorithm for triangle computations that achieves a 2-5x speedup over the best existing algorithms on 40 cores. This is a revised version of the thesis that won the 2015 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.
Download or read book The Art of Multiprocessor Programming Revised Reprint written by Maurice Herlihy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised and updated with improvements conceived in parallel programming courses, The Art of Multiprocessor Programming is an authoritative guide to multicore programming. It introduces a higher level set of software development skills than that needed for efficient single-core programming. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the new principles, algorithms, and tools necessary for effective multiprocessor programming. Students and professionals alike will benefit from thorough coverage of key multiprocessor programming issues. - This revised edition incorporates much-demanded updates throughout the book, based on feedback and corrections reported from classrooms since 2008 - Learn the fundamentals of programming multiple threads accessing shared memory - Explore mainstream concurrent data structures and the key elements of their design, as well as synchronization techniques from simple locks to transactional memory systems - Visit the companion site and download source code, example Java programs, and materials to support and enhance the learning experience
Download or read book Is Parallel Programming Hard written by Paul E. McKenney and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book written by Foster and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 国外著名高等院校信息科学与技术优秀教材
Download or read book Introduction to Parallel Computing written by Ananth Grama and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2003 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete source of information on almost all aspects of parallel computing from introduction, to architectures, to programming paradigms, to algorithms, to programming standards. It covers traditional Computer Science algorithms, scientific computing algorithms and data intensive algorithms.
Download or read book Pro TBB written by Michael Voss and published by Apress. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is a modern guide for all C++ programmers to learn Threading Building Blocks (TBB). Written by TBB and parallel programming experts, this book reflects their collective decades of experience in developing and teaching parallel programming with TBB, offering their insights in an approachable manner. Throughout the book the authors present numerous examples and best practices to help you become an effective TBB programmer and leverage the power of parallel systems. Pro TBB starts with the basics, explaining parallel algorithms and C++'s built-in standard template library for parallelism. You'll learn the key concepts of managing memory, working with data structures and how to handle typical issues with synchronization. Later chapters apply these ideas to complex systems to explain performance tradeoffs, mapping common parallel patterns, controlling threads and overhead, and extending TBB to program heterogeneous systems or system-on-chips. What You'll Learn Use Threading Building Blocks to produce code that is portable, simple, scalable, and more understandableReview best practices for parallelizing computationally intensive tasks in your applications Integrate TBB with other threading packages Create scalable, high performance data-parallel programs Work with generic programming to write efficient algorithms Who This Book Is For C++ programmers learning to run applications on multicore systems, as well as C or C++ programmers without much experience with templates. No previous experience with parallel programming or multicore processors is required.
Download or read book Data Parallel C written by James Reinders and published by Apress. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to accelerate C++ programs using data parallelism. This open access book enables C++ programmers to be at the forefront of this exciting and important new development that is helping to push computing to new levels. It is full of practical advice, detailed explanations, and code examples to illustrate key topics. Data parallelism in C++ enables access to parallel resources in a modern heterogeneous system, freeing you from being locked into any particular computing device. Now a single C++ application can use any combination of devices—including GPUs, CPUs, FPGAs and AI ASICs—that are suitable to the problems at hand. This book begins by introducing data parallelism and foundational topics for effective use of the SYCL standard from the Khronos Group and Data Parallel C++ (DPC++), the open source compiler used in this book. Later chapters cover advanced topics including error handling, hardware-specific programming, communication and synchronization, and memory model considerations. Data Parallel C++ provides you with everything needed to use SYCL for programming heterogeneous systems. What You'll Learn Accelerate C++ programs using data-parallel programming Target multiple device types (e.g. CPU, GPU, FPGA) Use SYCL and SYCL compilers Connect with computing’s heterogeneous future via Intel’s oneAPI initiative Who This Book Is For Those new data-parallel programming and computer programmers interested in data-parallel programming using C++.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2 0 written by David R. Kaeli and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0 teaches OpenCL and parallel programming for complex systems that may include a variety of device architectures: multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and fully-integrated Accelerated Processing Units (APUs). This fully-revised edition includes the latest enhancements in OpenCL 2.0 including: • Shared virtual memory to increase programming flexibility and reduce data transfers that consume resources • Dynamic parallelism which reduces processor load and avoids bottlenecks • Improved imaging support and integration with OpenGL Designed to work on multiple platforms, OpenCL will help you more effectively program for a heterogeneous future. Written by leaders in the parallel computing and OpenCL communities, this book explores memory spaces, optimization techniques, extensions, debugging and profiling. Multiple case studies and examples illustrate high-performance algorithms, distributing work across heterogeneous systems, embedded domain-specific languages, and will give you hands-on OpenCL experience to address a range of fundamental parallel algorithms. Updated content to cover the latest developments in OpenCL 2.0, including improvements in memory handling, parallelism, and imaging support Explanations of principles and strategies to learn parallel programming with OpenCL, from understanding the abstraction models to thoroughly testing and debugging complete applications Example code covering image analytics, web plugins, particle simulations, video editing, performance optimization, and more
Download or read book Operating Systems and Middleware written by Max Hailperin and published by Max Hailperin. This book was released on 2007 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By using this innovative text, students will obtain an understanding of how contemporary operating systems and middleware work, and why they work that way.
