Download or read book A Bayesian Approach to Causal Modeling of Organizational Factors in Aircraft Accidents written by Aprichart Choopavang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Factors Models for Aviation Accident Analysis and Prevention written by Thomas G.C. Griffin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation and modelling of aviation accident causation is dominated by linear models. Aviation is, however, a complex system and as such suffers from being artificially manipulated into non-complex models and methods. This book addresses this issue by developing a new approach to investigating aviation accident causation through information networks. These networks centralise communication and the flow of information as key indicators of a system’s health and risk. This holistic approach focuses on the system environment, the activity that takes place within it, the strategies used to conduct this activity, the way in which the constituent parts of the system (both human and non-human) interact and the behaviour required. Each stage of this book identifies and expands upon the potential of the information network approach, maintaining firm focus on the overall health of a system. The book’s new model offers many potential developments and some key areas are studied in this research. Through the centralisation of barriers and information nodes the method can be applied to almost any situation. The application of Bayesian mathematics to historical data populations provides scope for studying error migration and barrier manipulation. The book also provides application of these predictions to a flight simulator study for the purposes of validation. Beyond this it also discusses the applicability of the approach to industry. Through working with a legacy airline the methods discussed are used as the basis for a new and prospective safety management system.
Download or read book A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis written by Douglas A. Wiegmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-22 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human error is implicated in nearly all aviation accidents, yet most investigation and prevention programs are not designed around any theoretical framework of human error. Appropriate for all levels of expertise, the book provides the knowledge and tools required to conduct a human error analysis of accidents, regardless of operational setting (i.e. military, commercial, or general aviation). The book contains a complete description of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), which incorporates James Reason's model of latent and active failures as a foundation. Widely disseminated among military and civilian organizations, HFACS encompasses all aspects of human error, including the conditions of operators and elements of supervisory and organizational failure. It attracts a very broad readership. Specifically, the book serves as the main textbook for a course in aviation accident investigation taught by one of the authors at the University of Illinois. This book will also be used in courses designed for military safety officers and flight surgeons in the U.S. Navy, Army and the Canadian Defense Force, who currently utilize the HFACS system during aviation accident investigations. Additionally, the book has been incorporated into the popular workshop on accident analysis and prevention provided by the authors at several professional conferences world-wide. The book is also targeted for students attending Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University which has satellite campuses throughout the world and offers a course in human factors accident investigation for many of its majors. In addition, the book will be incorporated into courses offered by Transportation Safety International and the Southern California Safety Institute. Finally, this book serves as an excellent reference guide for many safety professionals and investigators already in the field.
Download or read book Causal Risk Models of Air Transport written by Alfred Lambertus Cornelis Roelen and published by Pro Universitate. This book was released on 2008 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation safety is so well-developed that individual organizations cannot rely on the number of accidents as useful indicators of the safety level of their operation. Adequate control of risks requires the availability of a method to determine the level of safety as a function of the current status and of proposed or expected changes tot the aviation system. Aviation safety policy plans have therefore proposed the development of causal risk models. Unfortunately, these failed to specify or even describe such models other than in the most general of terms. Causal model development was stated as a goal in itself, without consideration of how such a model should be used. The objective of this work is to clarify these issues by comparing user requirements with the performance that can be delivered by various modeling techniques. The publications answers the question what causal risk modeling adds to current safety management approaches and what the criteria are for ensuring it makes a successful contribution to safety.
Download or read book Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiovascular Research written by Evelyn Regar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given that for centuries, the standard tool to understand diseases in tissues was the microscope and that its major limitation was that only excised tissue could be used, recent technology now permits the examination of diseased tissue in vivo. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has promising potential when applied to coronary artery disease. OCT has the capability to identify coronary plaque and to distinguish between plaques that are stable and unstable. If the plaques are stable then OCT can direct percutaneous intervention (angioplasty or stenting). Optical coherence tomography is a light-based imaging technology that allows for very high resolution imaging in biological tissues. It has been first applied in ophthalmology, where it soon became the golden standard for the assessment of (epi-) retinal processes. The unique imaging capabilities have raised the interest of researchers and clinicians in the field of cardiovascular disease, since OCT offers unique possibilities to study atherosclerosis pathophysiology in vivo. With over 1.1M Americans having a heart attack this year because of unstable plaque rupture, OCT may have an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease. This unique publication offers the reader the basic background to OCT and its role in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. The Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiovascular Research introduces the cardiovascular application of this technology. Clinicians, biologists, engineers and physicist are discussing different aspects of cardiovascular OCT application in a multidisciplinary approach. The handbook offers the readership a concise overview on the current state of the art of vascular OCT imaging and sheds light on a variety of exciting new developments. The physics, technical principles of OCT and its application in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular research areas are summarized by highly recognized specialists. The potential of OCT in peripheral and coronary arteries and in developmental cardiology are described. Each research area is introduced by a clinical expert in the field followed by discussion of different aspects from an engineering, biomedical and clinical perspective. Specifically, the current capabilities for plaque characterization, detection of vulnerable plaque, guidance of interventional procedures, Doppler-assessment, and molecular contrast imaging are being described. The Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography in Cardiovascular Research targets researchers and clinicians involved in the field of atherosclerosis. The summary of basic physics, engineering solutions, pre-clinical and clinical application covers all relevant aspects and will be a valuable reference source.
Download or read book Causal Factors Analysis written by Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Pantex and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2008 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety Causation Analysis in Sociotechnical Systems written by Esmaeil Zarei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Second Workshop on the Investigation and Reporting of Incidents and Accidents IRIA 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Limits of Expertise written by R. Key Dismukes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why would highly skilled, well-trained pilots make errors that lead to accidents when they had safely completed many thousands of previous flights? The majority of all aviation accidents are attributed primarily to human error, but this is often misinterpreted as evidence of lack of skill, vigilance, or conscientiousness of the pilots. The Limits of Expertise is a fresh look at the causes of pilot error and aviation accidents, arguing that accidents can be understood only in the context of how the overall aviation system operates. The authors analyzed in great depth the 19 major U.S. airline accidents from 1991-2000 in which the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found crew error to be a causal factor. Each accident is reviewed in a separate chapter that examines events and crew actions and explores the cognitive processes in play at each step. The approach is guided by extensive evidence from cognitive psychology that human skill and error are opposite sides of the same coin. The book examines the ways in which competing task demands, ambiguity and organizational pressures interact with cognitive processes to make all experts vulnerable to characteristic forms of error. The final chapter identifies themes cutting across the accidents, discusses the role of chance, criticizes simplistic concepts of causality of accidents, and suggests ways to reduce vulnerability to these catastrophes. The authors' complementary experience allowed a unique approach to the study: accident investigation with the NTSB, cognitive psychology research both in the lab and in the field, enormous first-hand experience of piloting, and application of aviation psychology in both civil and military operations. This combination allowed the authors to examine and explain the domain-specific aspects of aviation operations and to extend advances in basic research in cognition to complex issues of human performance in the real world. Although The Limits of Expertise is directed to aviation operations, the implications are clear for understanding the decision processes, skilled performance and errors of professionals in many domains, including medicine.
Download or read book A Nonparametric Bayesian Approach to Causal Modelling written by Tim Henry Guimond and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dirichlet process mixture regression (DPMR) method is a technique to produce a very flexible regression model using Bayesian principles based on data clusters. The DPMR method begins by modelling the joint probability density for all variables in a problem. In observational studies, factors which influence treatment assignment (or treatment choice) may also be factors which influence outcomes. In such cases, we refer to these factors as confounders and standard estimates of treatment effects will be biased. Causal modelling approaches allow researchers to make causal inferences from observational data by accounting for confounding variables and thus correcting for the bias in unadjusted models. This thesis develops a fully Bayesian model where the Dirichlet process mixture models the joint distribution of all the variables of interest (confounders, treatment assignment and outcome), and is designed in such a way as to guarantee that this clustering approach adjusts for confounding while also providing a flexible model for outcomes. A local assumption of ignorability is required, as contrasted with the usual global assumption of strong ignorability, and the meaning and consequences of this alternate assumption are explored. The resulting model allows for inferences which are in accordance with causal model principles. In addition to estimating the overall average treatment effect (mean difference between two treatments), it also provides for the determination of conditional outcomes, hence can predict a region of the covariate space where one treatment dominates. Furthermore, the technique's capacity to examine the strongly ignorable assumption is demonstrated. This method can be harnessed to recreate the underlying counterfactual distributions that produce observational data and this is demonstrated with a simulated data set and its results are compared to other common approaches. Finally, the method is applied to a real life data set of an observational study of two possible methods of integrating mental health treatment into the shelter system for homeless men. This analysis of this data demonstrates a situation where treatments have identical outcomes for a subset of the covariate space and a subset of the space where one treatment clearly dominates, thereby informing an individualized patient driven approach to treatment selection.
Download or read book Causal Models in Experimental Designs written by Hubert M. Blalock and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2017 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a companion volume to the Causal Models in the Social Sciences, the majority of articles concern panel designs involving repeated measurements while a smaller cluster involves discussions of how experimental designs may be improved by more explicit attention to causal models. All of the papers are concerned with complications that may occur in actual research designs--as compared with idealized ones that often become the basis of textbook discussions of design issues. In thinking about the revision of that volume, considerable literature has accumulated. As a result, this volume attempts to bridge the gap in time and substance to that earlier effort. Blalock examined articles that seemed to hold the most promise of expanding the variety of topics in research methods to the causal modeling approach, and addressing the design issues involved. The majority of these fell under the heading of panel designs involving repeated measurements; a smaller cluster involved discussions of how our understanding of experimental designs could be improved by paying explicit attention to causal models. Blalock presented five chapters bearing on experimental designs into Part I, since the issues with which they deal are more general than those that treat more specifically with the handling of change data. Although many readers may have more immediate interest in these latter papers, which appear in Part II, Blalock thought it wise to encourage such readers to examine broader issues before plunging specifically into discussions of panel designs. H.M. Blalock, Jr. (1926-1991) was professor of sociology at the University of Washington, Seattle. He was recipient of the 1973 ASA Samuel Stouffer Prize, and was a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was the 70th president of the American Sociological Association.
Download or read book Workplace health promotion volume II written by Danijela Gasevic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-30 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics written by Don Harris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-04 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, EPCE 2016, held as part of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2016, held in Toronto, ON, Canada, in July 2016. The total of 1287 regular papers and 186 poster papers presented at the HCII 2016 conferences was carefully reviewed and selected from 4354 submissions. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human-computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. The 47 contributions included in the EPCE proceedings were organized in the following topical sections: mental workload and performance; interaction and cognition; team cognition; cognition in complex and high risk environments; and cognition in aviation.
Download or read book The Analysis of Human Factors in Aircraft Accidents written by W. D. Macnamara and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic approach to the analysis of human factors in aircraft accidents was developed. That systematic approach is best described by using a model. The value of constructing a model of this type lies in its ability to present an overall picture of the analysis of human factors - a picture which shows how the components interact with one another. This model is one which attempts to consolidate and assimilate the knowledge and experience of all those people and agencies involved in aircraft accident investigation and prevention. This article is intended to communicate some of the thoughts which led to the development of the model.
Download or read book The Human Factor in Aircraft Accidents written by David Beaty and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Occupational Safety and Workplace Health written by Sharon Clarke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Psychology focusing on occupational safety and workplace health. The editors draw on their collective experience to present thematically structured material from leading thinkers and practitioners in the USA, Europe, and Asia Pacific Provides comprehensive coverage of the major contributions that psychology can make toward the improvement of workplace safety and employee health Equips those who need it most with cutting-edge research on key topics including wellbeing, safety culture, safety leadership, stress, bullying, workplace health promotion and proactivity
Download or read book Risk Science written by Terje Aven and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-12 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk science is becoming increasingly important as businesses, policymakers and public sector leaders are tasked with decision-making and investment using varying levels of knowledge and information. Risk Science: An Introduction explores the theory and practice of risk science, providing concepts and tools for understanding and acting under conditions of uncertainty. The chapters in this work cover the fundamental concepts, principles, approaches, methods and models for how to understand, assess, communicate, manage and govern risk. These topics are presented and examined in a way which details how they relate, for example, how to characterize and communicate risk with particular emphasis on reflecting uncertainties; how to distinguish risk perception and professional risk judgments; how to assess risk and guide decision-makers, especially for cases involving large uncertainties and value differences; and how to integrate risk assessment with resilience-based strategies. The text provides a variety of examples and case studies that relate to highly visible and relevant issues facing risk academics, practitioners and non-risk leaders who must make risk-related decisions. Presenting both the foundational and most recent advancements in the subject matter, this work particularly suits students of risk science courses at college and university level. The book also provides broader key reading for students and scholars in other domains, including business, engineering and public health.
