Download or read book Money and the Middle Ages written by Jacques Le Goff and published by Polity. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jacques Le Goff sets out in this book to explain the role of money, or rather of the various types of money, in the economy, life and mentalities of the Middle Ages. He seeks also to explain how, in a society dominated by religion, the Church viewed money, and how it taught Christians what attitudes they should adopt towards it and towards the uses to which it could be put. He shows that, although money played an important role in the rise of towns and trade and in state formation, there was no capitalism but only a pre-capitalism in the Middle Ages, even by their end, in the absence of a truly global market. This is why economic development remained slow and limited, in spite of some remarkable success stories. It was a period in which it was as important to give money as it was to earn it. True wealth was not yet the wealth of this world, even though money played an increasingly large role in reality and in mentalities. No similar discussion of this subject, aimed at a wide readership, has previously been published. Written by one of the greatest medievalists, this book will be recognized as a standard work on the topic.
Download or read book Money and Its Use in Medieval Europe written by Peter Spufford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a full-scale study that explores every aspect of money in Europe and the Middle Ages.
Download or read book Consolidated Review of Current Information written by United States. Department of the Treasury. Library and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Reconstruction of Western Europe 1945 51 written by Alan S. Milward and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book The European Economy since 1945 written by Barry Eichengreen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1945, many Europeans still heated with coal, cooled their food with ice, and lacked indoor plumbing. Today, things could hardly be more different. Over the second half of the twentieth century, the average European's buying power tripled, while working hours fell by a third. The European Economy since 1945 is a broad, accessible, forthright account of the extraordinary development of Europe's economy since the end of World War II. Barry Eichengreen argues that the continent's history has been critical to its economic performance, and that it will continue to be so going forward. Challenging standard views that basic economic forces were behind postwar Europe's success, Eichengreen shows how Western Europe in particular inherited a set of institutions singularly well suited to the economic circumstances that reigned for almost three decades. Economic growth was facilitated by solidarity-centered trade unions, cohesive employers' associations, and growth-minded governments--all legacies of Europe's earlier history. For example, these institutions worked together to mobilize savings, finance investment, and stabilize wages. However, this inheritance of economic and social institutions that was the solution until around 1973--when Europe had to switch from growth based on brute-force investment and the acquisition of known technologies to growth based on increased efficiency and innovation--then became the problem. Thus, the key questions for the future are whether Europe and its constituent nations can now adapt their institutions to the needs of a globalized knowledge economy, and whether in doing so, the continent's distinctive history will be an obstacle or an asset.
Download or read book European Monetary Integration written by Peter Coffey and published by Springer. This book was released on 1971-06-18 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arab Monetary Integration written by Khair El-Din Haseeb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-eminent among the requisites for economic integration is monetary integration. It is the premise of the chapters in this book that if the Arab world is to achieve a closer degree of cooperation in economic and political spheres, the issue of monetary integration must be given much more attention. To this end the contributors to this book, who include well-known academics and economic experts from the Arab countries, Europe, the USA and Latin America, have looked at the experience of other areas of the world which have introduced monetary unity. They consider the experiences of Western Europe, Latin America and Western Africa, evaluating them with the objective of focusing on the various major issues which have to be coped with when planning for closer monetary cooperation. While the analysis concerning the scope for future Arab monetary integration revealed varying positions as to the factors which should be stressed and the pre-requisites which should be fulfilled, there emerged general agreement on certain major issues including the following: at the present time the Arab countries should strive to achieve partial rather than full monetary integration and to create the requisite conditions for such a move; economic and monetary integration should be viewed as mutually reinforcing rather than as successive processes; and the political will to achieve integration is a major pre-requisite for any move in that direction. First published in 1981.
Download or read book Monetary Reform and the Bellagio Group Vol 2 written by Carol M Connell and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-23 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bellagio Group was founded at a time of global economic crisis. This collection brings together the private correspondence and published papers of the Group’s founders, creating a picture of the personalities, issues, debates and compromises leading to the adoption of flexible exchange rates and a modified Triffin plan.
Download or read book Integrating Eastern Europe into the Global Economy written by J.M. Van Brabant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed as a modest contribution to the ongoing deliberations about how to ease the fairly tight constraints on the external payments of many countries of the eastern part of Europe. In the fIrst instance, this inquiry is addressed to those that have embarked on wide-ranging systemwide reforms. External constraints have been markedly hampering the introduction of market oriented economic mutations, thereby raising the cost of transition far above levels expected at the outset of the present wave of uniquely restructuring the countries involved. I explore here several angles of this discussion. But three stand out. One is the disintegration of the postwar framework for economic cooperation in that part of the world. Another is the disarray brought about by incisive economic transformations in the area. Finally, various national, regional, and international interest groups are at work there, hoping to mold somehow the drift of the reform, or at least key components thereof, in their own "image. " In the process it is often forgotten, as Ralf Dahrendorf (1990, p. 41) so pointedly remarked that "[ a]ll systems mean serfdom, including the . natural' system of a total . market order' in which no one tries to do anything other than guard certain rules of the game discovered by a mysterious sect of economic advisers.
Download or read book Pierre Werner and Europe written by Elena Danescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book- which features a foreword by Jean-Claude Juncker and Preface by Professor Harold James- examines the European vocation and achievements of Pierre Werner (1913–2002), former Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Foreign Minister of Luxembourg, unanimously recognized as one of the architects of Economic and Monetary Union. The author makes extensive use of Pierre Werner’s previously unpublished archives belonging to the Werner family, opened for the first time for research purposes. The book analyses the Werner Report, negotiations within the Werner Committee, the emergence of the Committee’s views on EMU, their political commitment to a European currency, the similarities and differences between their ideas, their personal networks, the influence of the states they represented, their theoretical and methodological input and their contribution to the political consensus. Chapters shed new light on various aspects of the European integration process and also on the role of Luxembourg and its European policy. In addition, the author has carried out a series of original interviews with Luxembourg and European figures who share their memories and thoughts concerning Pierre Werner, his achievements and his views on the European integration process, and also other topics such as Economic and Monetary Union and Luxembourg‘s European policy. This book will be of interest and value to researchers, EU policy makers and students in the fields of political economy, political science, economic history and history of economic thought.
Download or read book Arab Monetary Integration RLE Economy of Middle East written by Khair El-Din Haseeb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-eminent among the requisites for economic integration is monetary integration. It is the premise of the chapters in this book that if the Arab world is to achieve a closer degree of cooperation in economic and political spheres, the issue of monetary integration must be given much more attention. To this end the contributors to this book, who include well-known academics and economic experts from the Arab countries, Europe, the USA and Latin America, have looked at the experience of other areas of the world which have introduced monetary unity. They consider the experiences of Western Europe, Latin America and Western Africa, evaluating them with the objective of focusing on the various major issues which have to be coped with when planning for closer monetary cooperation. While the analysis concerning the scope for future Arab monetary integration revealed varying positions as to the factors which should be stressed and the pre-requisites which should be fulfilled, there emerged general agreement on certain major issues including the following: at the present time the Arab countries should strive to achieve partial rather than full monetary integration and to create the requisite conditions for such a move; economic and monetary integration should be viewed as mutually reinforcing rather than as successive processes; and the political will to achieve integration is a major pre-requisite for any move in that direction. First published in 1981.
Download or read book How to Find Out About Banking and Investment written by Norman Burgess and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to Find Out About Banking and Investment
Download or read book Global Monetary Governance written by Benjamin J. Cohen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-12-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benjamin J. Cohen has been one of the most original and influential writers on international political economy. This book provides an overview of his contribution to the field, grouped around the central theme of global monetary governance. The book is divided into three sections: challenges to systemic governance - examines the challenge of governance of the international monetary system looking at such crucial issues as monetary reform, the growth of capital markets and financial globalization dealing with financial crisis – looks at efforts to deal effectively with financial crises, analyzing the relationships between governments and banks in the management of international debt problems and the case for capital controls. There are case studies of the Asian financial crisis and several other key instances of instability in world markets the new geography of money – analyzes the crisis of legitimacy created by a global system where governing authority is exercised now more by market forces than by sovereign states. It explores the geopolitical implications of the competition between the two most widely used currencies in the world today, the US dollar and the Euro and spells out the main implications for policy makers. The concluding chapters evaluate the merits and prospects for the two most widely discussed policy alternatives available to governments responsible for the world’s many less competitive currencies – dollarization or monetary union.
Download or read book Tangled Transformations written by Kiran Klaus Patel and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2024-08-30 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tangled Transformations presents a historical analysis of the interplay between German unification and European integration from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Building on freshly released documents, the book’s sixteen chapters explore constellations in which the two processes accelerated and informed one another. The book highlights the role of Germany’s neighbours to the east, with chapters discussing the cotransformation between East and West as well as chapters dedicated to Poland, Romania, and Hungary. It sheds new light on the two interrelated processes by examining the role of Germany’s most important Western neighbours and partners: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. The book pays particular attention to the role of the European Commission as well as to monetary and industrial policy. It also moves beyond the economic sphere by discussing foreign and security policy issues, justice and home affairs, German debates about European integration at the time, and the significance of the German federal states. Ultimately, Tangled Transformations demonstrates the strong interlinkages between German unification and European integration.
Download or read book Robert Triffin written by Ivo Maes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With World War II still raging, nations came together to create a new international monetary order, the Bretton Woods system. This agreement created the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and a system of stable exchange rates with currencies pegged against the dollar. One man saw the political, economic, and moral tensions inherent in keeping the dollar, a national currency, as a global reserve currency. When the monetary arrangement collapsed in 1973, economist Robert Triffin had already predicted its downfall two decades previously. Robert Triffin, a Belgian-American scholar and policy advisor, was a defining voice in economics and international politics in the twentieth century and an architect of the new multilateral liberal world order in his own right. Best known for his analysis of the vulnerabilities of the international monetary system - the "Triffin dilemma" - Triffin was a voice of reason and compassion in the postwar period. Triffin played a key role in the debates on European monetary integration, especially with his proposals for a European Reserve Fund and a European currency unit, becoming one of the intellectual fathers of Europe's single currency, the euro. This intellectual biography evaluates what made Triffin a crucial figure in modern economic history. With an emphasis on the ideas that shaped the postwar international system, Robert Triffin: A Life explores both the man and the mission. In addition to analyzing his work in economics and policymaking, Ivo Maes and Ilaria Pasotti trace Triffin's story from a very modest background, as the son of a butcher, who grew up through the interwar period, to a singularly influential economist in the late twentieth century. The first biography of one of the intellectual giants of the postwar era, Robert Triffin critically examines the accomplishments and the legacy of a scholar who believed that innovations in economic policy could lead to a better and more peaceful world.
Download or read book Monetary Reform and the Bellagio Group Vol 5 written by Carol M Connell and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bellagio Group was founded at a time of global economic crisis. This collection brings together the private correspondence and published papers of the Group’s founders, creating a picture of the personalities, issues, debates and compromises leading to the adoption of flexible exchange rates and a modified Triffin plan.
Download or read book Global Monetary and Economic Convergence written by Gusztáv Báger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1998. Global convergence has many aspects. The first part of this volume deals with European convergence, the second with convergence especially between Eastern and Western Europe. The third part with practical and the fourth with theoretical issues related to Global Convergence. The last part juxtaposes Hayekian and Triffian economic thought. The first of these, the Hayekian relies exclusively on the profit motive of the only arbiter of the economic decision-making. The Triffians thought insists that satisfactory balances can be brought about only through racial negotiation among market participants within countries and on a global scale. The Hayek-Triffin juxtaposition gains particular importance at a time when capital mobility, labour and social mobility have reached hitherto new levels on a global scale and this challenges social coherence. This difference will put social coherence under unusual stress. The solution of the problems created will be the greatest challenge to economic, social and political statemanship during the 21st century.
