Download or read book 40 Paradoxes in Logic Probability and Game Theory written by Presh Talwalkar and published by . This book was released on 2015-09-21 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 40 delightful paradoxes. Here is a small sampling.LOGIC: Is it ever right to ask the question: "May I disturb you?" The very act of asking will disturb the person. And yet, I simply can't know if it's correct to ask the question unless I actually ask the question!PROBABILITY: In 2007, the college football team USC was ranked as 7th in the Harris poll, 6th in the USA Today poll, and 6th in the computer rankings. And yet, when the three polls were averaged, USC ended up as being ranked as the 5th best team overall. How is that possible?GAME THEORY: You play game A that is a losing bet. You also play game B that is a losing bet. Yet when you play games A and B alternately that is a winning bet. How can two losing games combine to make a winning game?
Download or read book Rock Paper Scissors written by Len Fisher and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2008-11-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praised by Entertainment Weekly as “the man who put the fizz into physics,” Dr. Len Fisher turns his attention to the science of cooperation in his lively and thought-provoking book. Fisher shows how the modern science of game theory has helped biologists to understand the evolution of cooperation in nature, and investigates how we might apply those lessons to our own society. In a series of experiments that take him from the polite confines of an English dinner party to crowded supermarkets, congested Indian roads, and the wilds of outback Australia, not to mention baseball strategies and the intricacies of quantum mechanics, Fisher sheds light on the problem of global cooperation. The outcomes are sometimes hilarious, sometimes alarming, but always revealing. A witty romp through a serious science, Rock, Paper, Scissors will both teach and delight anyone interested in what it what it takes to get people to work together.
Download or read book Introducing Game Theory written by Ivan Pastine and published by Icon Books. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When should you adopt an aggressive business strategy? How do we make decisions when we don't have all the information? What makes international environmental cooperation possible? Game theory is the study of how we make a decision when the outcome of our moves depends on the decisions of someone else. Economists Ivan and Tuvana Pastine explain why, in these situations, we sometimes cooperate, sometimes clash, and sometimes act in a way that seems completely random. Stylishly brought to life by award-winning cartoonist Tom Humberstone, Game Theory will help readers understand behaviour in everything from our social lives to business, global politics to evolutionary biology. It provides a thrilling new perspective on the world we live in.
Download or read book Puzzles Paradoxes and Problem Solving written by Marilyn A. Reba and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Classroom-Tested, Alternative Approach to Teaching Math for Liberal Arts Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Problem Solving: An Introduction to Mathematical Thinking uses puzzles and paradoxes to introduce basic principles of mathematical thought. The text is designed for students in liberal arts mathematics courses. Decision-making situations that progress
Download or read book Sleight of Mind written by Matt Cook and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “fun, brain-twisting book . . . will make you think” as it explores more than 75 paradoxes in mathematics, philosophy, physics, and the social sciences (Sean Carroll, New York Times–bestselling author of Something Deeply Hidden). Paradox is a sophisticated kind of magic trick. A magician’s purpose is to create the appearance of impossibility, to pull a rabbit from an empty hat. Yet paradox doesn’t require tangibles, like rabbits or hats. Paradox works in the abstract, with words and concepts and symbols, to create the illusion of contradiction. There are no contradictions in reality, but there can appear to be. In Sleight of Mind, Matt Cook and a few collaborators dive deeply into more than 75 paradoxes in mathematics, physics, philosophy, and the social sciences. As each paradox is discussed and resolved, Cook helps readers discover the meaning of knowledge and the proper formation of concepts—and how reason can dispel the illusion of contradiction. The journey begins with “a most ingenious paradox” from Gilbert and Sullivan’s Pirates of Penzance. Readers will then travel from Ancient Greece to cutting-edge laboratories, encounter infinity and its different sizes, and discover mathematical impossibilities inherent in elections. They will tackle conundrums in probability, induction, geometry, and game theory; perform “supertasks”; build apparent perpetual motion machines; meet twins living in different millennia; explore the strange quantum world—and much more.
Download or read book Math Puzzles Volume 2 written by Presh Talwalkar and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a better fit: a square peg in a round hole, or a round peg in a square hole?Your music player seems to be playing the same songs over again. Is there something wrong with the shuffle feature, or might the songs be playing randomly?You have 100 dimes, and I have 99 pennies. At the same time, we will toss our coins in the air and let them fall on the floor. Then we meticulously count the outcomes of our tosses. You win if you show more heads than I do. What's the probability that you will win?The YouTube channel and blog Mind Your Decisions has blog posts and original videos about math that have been viewed millions of times. The problems in this book are based on some of the best puzzles in counting, geometry, and probability and game theory.
Download or read book Twisted Logic written by Leighton Vaughan Williams and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-07-03 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twisted Logic: Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Big Questions delves into the intriguing world of twisted logic, where everyday conundrums, bewildering paradoxes, and life's big questions are investigated and decoded. Crafted for the curious mind, this book sheds light on how our intuition and common sense can often mislead us. Without the need for technical jargon or mathematical prowess, it serves as your personal compass through fascinating intellectual landscapes and ultimate explorations. From the quirky corners of Bayesian reasoning to practical strategies in daily choices, this is your companion for a clearer way of thinking. Features: A comprehensive toolkit to refine your cognitive processes and avoid common pitfalls. Insights into the oddities of probability, strategy, and fate that govern our lives. A fresh perspective on everyday decisions and life's larger dilemmas, including finding everything from a place to eat to a new home to a life partner. Practical advice on optimising daily routines, such as determining the best time of day to arrange important appointments. Thought-provoking 'When Should We?' questions that challenge us to think critically about decision-making in our lives. Prepare to challenge your perceptions and unveil hidden truths. Twisted Logic is an enlightening adventure that promises to transform the mundane into the extraordinary. Embark on a journey where the only thing certain is the thrill of the unknown.
Download or read book Epistemic Game Theory written by Andrés Perea and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first textbook to explain the principles of epistemic game theory.
Download or read book Nonplussed written by Julian Havil and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Math—the application of reasonable logic to reasonable assumptions—usually produces reasonable results. But sometimes math generates astonishing paradoxes—conclusions that seem completely unreasonable or just plain impossible but that are nevertheless demonstrably true. Did you know that a losing sports team can become a winning one by adding worse players than its opponents? Or that the thirteenth of the month is more likely to be a Friday than any other day? Or that cones can roll unaided uphill? In Nonplussed!—a delightfully eclectic collection of paradoxes from many different areas of math—popular-math writer Julian Havil reveals the math that shows the truth of these and many other unbelievable ideas. Nonplussed! pays special attention to problems from probability and statistics, areas where intuition can easily be wrong. These problems include the vagaries of tennis scoring, what can be deduced from tossing a needle, and disadvantageous games that form winning combinations. Other chapters address everything from the historically important Torricelli's Trumpet to the mind-warping implications of objects that live on high dimensions. Readers learn about the colorful history and people associated with many of these problems in addition to their mathematical proofs. Nonplussed! will appeal to anyone with a calculus background who enjoys popular math books or puzzles.
Download or read book Probability Theory written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probability theory
Download or read book Empirical Paradox Complexity Thinking and Generating New Kinds of Knowledge written by Paolo Grigolini and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is another world war inevitable? The answer is a resounding “yes” if we continue to think in terms of “either/or” outcomes. Adversaries think in such terms, you either get what you want, or you do not. Can a different way of thinking produce a different outcome? This book shows that the consistency demanded by the linear, logical either/or thinking is disrupted by paradox, whose resolution forces a consequent decision: war or peace, with no middle ground. If this were the only way of thinking then a person would be either a protagonist or an antagonist, but a person can be both, either, or neither; this opens the door to novel solutions. This is “both/and” thinking, which the book shows can be achieved by a dynamic resolution of paradox. Thus, a basically selfish individual can also be a hero; a consequence of the complexity of being human.
Download or read book Probability Choice and Reason written by Leighton Vaughan Williams and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of our thinking is flawed because it is based on faulty intuition. By using the framework and tools of probability and statistics, we can overcome this to provide solutions to many real-world problems and paradoxes. We show how to do this, and find answers that are frequently very contrary to what we might expect. Along the way, we venture into diverse realms and thought experiments which challenge the way that we see the world. Features: An insightful and engaging discussion of some of the key ideas of probabilistic and statistical thinking Many classic and novel problems, paradoxes, and puzzles An exploration of some of the big questions involving the use of choice and reason in an uncertain world The application of probability, statistics, and Bayesian methods to a wide range of subjects, including economics, finance, law, and medicine Exercises, references, and links for those wishing to cross-reference or to probe further Solutions to exercises at the end of the book This book should serve as an invaluable and fascinating resource for university, college, and high school students who wish to extend their reading, as well as for teachers and lecturers who want to liven up their courses while retaining academic rigour. It will also appeal to anyone who wishes to develop skills with numbers or has an interest in the many statistical and other paradoxes that permeate our lives. Indeed, anyone studying the sciences, social sciences, or humanities on a formal or informal basis will enjoy and benefit from this book.
Download or read book The Irrationality Illusion written by Presh Talwalkar and published by . This book was released on 2016-02-01 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook explains the many ways we are biased about decision-making and offers techniques to make smart decisions. The biases of behavioral economics are like optical illusions: while we fall for them every time, we can also learn to recognize the patterns and see through the tricks. Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice...you won't get fooled again after reading this book.
Download or read book Probability Decisions and Games written by Abel Rodríguez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCES THE FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY, STATISTICS, DECISION THEORY, AND GAME THEORY, AND FEATURES INTERESTING EXAMPLES OF GAMES OF CHANCE AND STRATEGY TO MOTIVATE AND ILLUSTRATE ABSTRACT MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS Covering both random and strategic games, Probability, Decisions and Games features a variety of gaming and gambling examples to build a better understanding of basic concepts of probability, statistics, decision theory, and game theory. The authors present fundamental concepts such as random variables, rational choice theory, mathematical expectation and variance, fair games, combinatorial calculus, conditional probability, Bayes Theorem, Bernoulli trials, zero-sum games and Nash equilibria, as well as their application in games such as Roulette, Craps, Lotto, Blackjack, Poker, Rock-Paper-Scissors, the Game of Chicken and Tic-Tac-Toe. Computer simulations, implemented using the popular R computing environment, are used to provide intuition on key concepts and verify complex calculations. The book starts by introducing simple concepts that are carefully motivated by the same historical examples that drove their original development of the field of probability, and then applies those concepts to popular contemporary games. The first two chapters of Probability, Decisions and Games: A Gentle Introduction using R feature an introductory discussion of probability and rational choice theory in finite and discrete spaces that builds upon the simple games discussed in the famous correspondence between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat. Subsequent chapters utilize popular casino games such as Roulette and Blackjack to expand on these concepts illustrate modern applications of these methodologies. Finally, the book concludes with discussions on game theory using a number of strategic games. This book: · Features introductory coverage of probability, statistics, decision theory and game theory, and has been class-tested at University of California, Santa Cruz for the past six years · Illustrates basic concepts in probability through interesting and fun examples using a number of popular casino games: roulette, lotto, craps, blackjack, and poker · Introduces key ideas in game theory using classic games such as Rock-Paper-Scissors, Chess, and Tic-Tac-Toe. · Features computer simulations using R throughout in order to illustrate complex concepts and help readers verify complex calculations · Contains exercises and approaches games and gambling at a level that is accessible for readers with minimal experience · Adopts a unique approach by motivating complex concepts using first simple games and then moving on to more complex, well-known games that illustrate how these concepts work together Probability, Decisions and Games: A Gentle Introduction using R is a unique and helpful textbook for undergraduate courses on statistical reasoning, introduction to probability, statistical literacy, and quantitative reasoning for students from a variety of disciplines. ABEL RODRÍGUEZ, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), CA, USA. The author of 40 journal articles, his research interests include Bayesian nonparametric methods, machine learning, spatial temporal models, network models, and extreme value theory. BRUNO MENDES, PhD, is Lecturer in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. BRUNO MENDES, PhD, is Lecturer in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.INTRODUCES THE FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY, STATISTICS, DECISION THEORY, AND GAME THEORY, AND FEATURES INTERESTING EXAMPLES OF GAMES OF CHANCE AND STRATEGY TO MOTIVATE AND ILLUSTRATE ABSTRACT MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS Covering both random and strategic games, Probability, Decisions and Games features a variety of gaming and gambling examples to build a better understanding of basic concepts of probability, statistics, decision theory, and game theory. The authors present fundamental concepts such as random variables, rational choice theory, mathematical expectation and variance, fair games, combinatorial calculus, conditional probability, Bayes Theorem, Bernoulli trials, zero-sum games and Nash equilibria, as well as their application in games such as Roulette, Craps, Lotto, Blackjack, Poker, Rock-Paper-Scissors, the Game of Chicken and Tic-Tac-Toe. Computer simulations, implemented using the popular R computing environment, are used to provide intuition on key concepts and verify complex calculations. The book starts by introducing simple concepts that are carefully motivated by the same historical examples that drove their original development of the field of probability, and then applies those concepts to popular contemporary games. The first two chapters of Probability, Decisions and Games: A Gentle Introduction using R feature an introductory discussion of probability and rational choice theory in finite and discrete spaces that builds upon the simple games discussed in the famous correspondence between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat. Subsequent chapters utilize popular casino games such as Roulette and Blackjack to expand on these concepts illustrate modern applications of these methodologies. Finally, the book concludes with discussions on game theory using a number of strategic games. This book: • Features introductory coverage of probability, statistics, decision theory and game theory, and has been class-tested at University of California, Santa Cruz for the past six years • Illustrates basic concepts in probability through interesting and fun examples using a number of popular casino games: roulette, lotto, craps, blackjack, and poker • Introduces key ideas in game theory using classic games such as Rock-Paper-Scissors, Chess, and Tic-Tac-Toe. • Features computer simulations using R throughout in order to illustrate complex concepts and help readers verify complex calculations • Contains exercises and approaches games and gambling at a level that is accessible for readers with minimal experience • Adopts a unique approach by motivating complex concepts using first simple games and then moving on to more complex, well-known games that illustrate how these concepts work together Probability, Decisions and Games: A Gentle Introduction using R is a unique and helpful textbook for undergraduate courses on statistical reasoning, introduction to probability, statistical literacy, and quantitative reasoning for students from a variety of disciplines. ABEL RODRÍGUEZ, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), CA, USA. The author of 40 journal articles, his research interests include Bayesian nonparametric methods, machine learning, spatial temporal models, network models, and extreme value theory. BRUNO MENDES, PhD, is Lecturer in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Download or read book Colossal Book of Mathematics written by Martin Gardner and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2001 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No amateur or math authority can be without this ultimate compendium of classic puzzles, paradoxes, and puzzles from America's best-loved mathematical expert. 320 line drawings.
Download or read book Paradoxes from A to Z written by Michael Clark and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This sentence is false'. Is it? If a hotel with an infinite number of rooms is fully occupied, can it still accommodate a new guest? How can we have emotional responses to fiction, when we know that the objects of our emotions do not exist?
Download or read book Gladiators Pirates and Games of Trust written by Haim Shapira and published by Watkins Media Limited. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One of the best Decision Making and Game Theory books of all time." —Reid Hoffman (LinkedIn founder) and Nassim Nicholas Taleb (author of Black Swan), BookAuthority An accessible, light-hearted exploration of Game Theory—what it is, why it’s important, and how it can help us in our daily lives Game Theory is the mathematical formalization of interactive decision-making—it assumes that each player's goal is to maximize his/her benefit, whatever it may be. Players may be friends, foes, political parties, states, or any entity that behaves interactively, whether collectively or individually. One of the problems with game analysis is the fact that, as a player, it’s very hard to know what would benefit each of the other players. Some of us are not even clear about our own goals or what might actually benefit us. In Gladiators, Pirates, and Games of Trust, Haim Shapira shares humorous anecdotes and insightful examples to explain Game Theory, how it affects our daily lives, and how the different interactions between decision-makers can play out. In this book, you will: • Meet Nobel Laureate John F. Nash and familiarize yourself with Nash equilibrium • Learn the basic ideas of the art of negotiation • Visit the gladiators’ ring and apply for a coaching position • Build an airport and divide inheritance • Issue ultimatums and learn to trust • Review every aspect of the prisoner’s dilemma and learn about the importance of cooperation • Learn how statistics bolster lies • And much more
