Download or read book 3D Filament Production Unit Using Plastic Waste and Pellets written by Olusegun Olamoyegun and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disruptive power of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is spanning across all fields of endeavor. The impact is felt in the supply chain, product development, prototyping, etc. It is classified as the fastest-growing technology. Its cumulative annual growth rate is projected to reach 13.5% between 2019--2026 in Africa. Many African countries are rapidly adopting the technology in different end-user areas which will drive the market for the forecast period. Kenya located in East Africa is classified as a hub for innovation with several companies offering AM services with the support from the government and people to promote local production of parts. There are seven processes of additive manufacturing, for the purpose of this thesis, we will be considering the material extrusion process. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a major material extrusion process that involves the extrusion of material via a nozzle and deposited layer by layer. The materials are in a melted state, so layers are being fused together upon deposition until the part is fully created. Plastic materials are commonly used in additive manufacturing which has enabled rapid prototyping and part creation in some industries. These have gained huge traction and there is a growing concern about the negative impact on the environment due to the plastic waste generated. In order to reduce the impact, it is possible to consider recycling and reduction of plastics waste generated. The most used plastics material in FDM is polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), the quality of the material is a critical requirement for part quality. The PLA and ABS are produced as filament, which is an input for the material extrusion process. The need for PLA and ABS filament has increased greatly because of end-user activities and industries. Due to this demand, it is important to ensure the availability of the filament within the region. Supply chain and cost is a major driver of the availability of filament. This thesis is focused on locally producing PLA and ABS filament from plastics waste generated and production of pellets from local plastics industries in East Africa. There are important parameters to consider when producing the filaments which are the diameter of the filament and its uniformity over its entire length. In most cases, the acceptable filament diameter is 1.75 mm with a tolerance of ±50 mm. Any variation above the tolerance makes the filament not usable for additive manufacturing. The recycling of thermoplastic materials will enhance the circular economy and locally producing pellets will promote manufacturing. In this thesis, the framework, and equipment for the fabrication of quality filaments in Kenya are determined. It includes research on factors affecting the 3D printing hobbyist and enthusiast as well as the criteria required to set up a small-scale filament production unit locally. This framework can be replicated across various regions with low penetration of the technology to enhance and promote the use of FDM printers for prototyping. Further, investigations on identifying the ideal conditions for each region and how other recycled thermoplastic materials will enhance the choice of the materials for manufacturing and stimulates the circular economy.

Download or read book Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials Design and Manufacturing written by Vijay Kumar Thakur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Volume 2 is solely focused on the Design and Manufacturing of renewable materials. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Design and manufacturing of high performance green composites; manufacturing of high performance biomass-based polyesters by rheological approach; components design of fibrous composite materials; design and manufacturing of bio-based sandwich structures; design and manufacture of biodegradable products from renewable resources; manufacturing and characterization of quicklime filled metal alloy composites for single row deep groove ball bearing; manufacturing of composites from chicken feathers and poly (vinyl chloride); production of porous carbons from resorcinol-formaldehyde gels: applications; composites using agricultural wastes; manufacturing of rice wastes-based natural fiber polymer composites from thermosetting vs. thermoplastic matrices; thermoplastic polymeric composites; natural fiber reinforced PLA composites; rigid closed-cell PUR foams containing polyols derived from renewable resources; preparation and application of the composite from alginate; recent developments in biocomposites of bombyx mori silk fibroin; design and manufacturing of natural fiber/ synthetic fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites; natural fiber composite strengthening solution for structural beam component for enhanced flexural strength; high pressure resin transfer molding of epoxy resins from renewable sources; cork based structural composites; the use of wheat straw as an agricultural waste in composites for semi-structural applications and design/ manufacturing of sustainable composites.

Download or read book Polymers for 3D Printing written by Joanna Izdebska-Podsiadły and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2022-06-05 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers for 3D Printing: Methods, Properties, and Characteristics provides a detailed guide to polymers for 3D printing, bridging the gap between research and practice, and enabling engineers, technicians and designers to utilise and implement this technology for their products or applications. Presents the properties, attributes, and potential applications of the polymeric materials used in 3D printing Analyses and compares the available methods for 3D printing, with an emphasis on the latest cutting-edge technologies Enables the reader to select and implement the correct 3D printing technology, according to polymer properties or product requirements

Download or read book Understanding Plastics Engineering Calculations written by Natti S. Rao and published by Hanser Gardner Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Sustainable Solution Plastic Granulate Production in Action written by Sándor Varga and published by Luxory. This book was released on with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MONEY FROM TRASH. Plastic waste has become a major environmental concern in today's world. The excessive use of plastic and its improper disposal has led to the pollution of our oceans, landfills, and even our air. However, instead of viewing plastic waste as a problem, we can see it as an opportunity. With the right technology and processes, plastic waste can be transformed into high-quality secondary raw material, which can be used in various industries. This not only helps in reducing the amount of plastic waste in our environment but also creates a new source of income. By turning trash into money, we can incentivize individuals and businesses to properly manage their plastic waste. This could potentially lead to a cleaner and more sustainable future for our planet. Through the efficient processing of plastic waste, we can not only tackle the issue of pollution but also create a circular economy where waste is seen as a valuable resource. It is time for us to rethink our approach towards plastic waste and explore its potential as a secondary raw material.

Download or read book 3D Printing For Dummies written by Richard Horne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling book on 3D printing 3D printing is one of the coolest inventions we've seen in our lifetime, and now you can join the ranks of businesspeople, entrepreneurs, and hobbyists who use it to do everything from printing foods and candles to replacement parts for older technologies—and tons of mind-blowing stuff in between! With 3D Printing For Dummies at the helm, you'll find all the fast and easy-to-follow guidance you need to grasp the methods available to create 3D printable objects using software, 3D scanners, and even photographs through open source software applications like 123D Catch. Thanks to the growing availability of 3D printers, this remarkable technology is coming to the masses, and there's no time like the present to let your imagination run wild and actually create whatever you dream up—quickly and inexpensively. When it comes to 3D printing, the sky's the limit! Covers each type of 3D printing technology available today: stereolithology, selective sintering, used deposition, and granular binding Provides information on the potential for the transformation of production and manufacturing, reuse and recycling, intellectual property design controls, and the commoditization of products Walks you through the process of creating a RepRap printer using open source designs, software, and hardware Offers strategies for improved success in 3D printing On your marks, get set, innovate!

Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor M. Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

Download or read book Poly lactic acid written by Rafael A. Auras and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the synthesis, properties, and processing methods of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), an important family of degradable plastics. As the need for environmentally-friendly packaging materials increases, consumers and companies are in search for new materials that are largely produced from renewable resources, and are recyclable. To that end, an overall theme of the book is the biodegradability, recycling, and sustainability benefits of PLA. The chapters, from a base of international expert contributors, describe specific processing methods, spectroscopy techniques for PLA analysis, and and applications in medical items, packaging, and environmental use.

Download or read book Recycled Polymers written by Vijay Kumar Thakur and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing consumption of different kinds of polymer based materials results in huge amount of waste materials. Once the polymers have fulfilled the function for which they have been manufactured, they are disposed of in landills in large amounts each year, which is incompatible with current environmental goals. The disposal of polymer based plastics such as incineration and landfill results in environmental pollution and land occupation.These current levels of polymer disposal are not sustainable and polymer recycling, which is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce the negative impacts, receives increasing attention. Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of polymer wastes, as well as the negative impacts of disposal. Using recycled polymer wastes to replace virgin materials in some applications, such as non-food packaging and automotive components, can effectively decrease the demand of the amount of import oil and conserve raw materials. Further it can also lead to the energy saving and creating new jobs. Considering all the positive impacts of polymer recycling on environment, economy and society, considerable attention is being given to recover materials from polymer wastes.This book is ideal for all those who are interested in recycling of post-consumer polymer waste. It is the outcome of untiring efforts of the researchers with extensive experience in the field of recycled polymers. The book enables the reader to gain a thorough understanding of the chemistry and processing of recycled polymers and also provides an instrumental resource for those already working in this field.Some of the main features are:Highlights the chemistry of recycled polymers and compares with traditional polymersDiscusses the processing of different kinds of recycled polymersHighlights new frontiers in the different processing techniquesEvaluates the performance of recycled polymersFocus on recyclability and up-to date progress on recycled polymersPresent state of polymer recycling

Download or read book Advances of Science and Technology written by Mulatu Liyew Berihun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set of LNICST 411 and 412 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advancement of Science and Technology, ICAST 2021, which took place in August 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 80 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 202 submissions. The papers present economic and technologic developments in modern societies in 7 tracks: Chemical, Food and Bioprocess Engineering; Electrical and Electronics Engineering; ICT, Software and Hardware Engineering; Civil, Water Resources, and Environmental Engineering ICT; Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Material Science and Engineering; Energy Science, Engineering and Policy.

Download or read book 3D Printing for Development in the Global South written by T. Birtchnell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Birtchnell and Hoyle explore how printers, designs, materials and infrastructures all need to be 'just right' in order for meaningful social change to happen with appropriate scale. The 3D4D Challenge suggests 3D printing could reach scale in the Global South, even perhaps having the same impact as the mobile phone or microfinance in development.

Download or read book Life Cycle Impact Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.

Download or read book Extrusion written by Harold F. Giles Jr and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Extrusion is designed to aid operators, engineers, and managers in extrusion processing in quickly answering practical day-to-day questions. The first part of the book provides the fundamental principles, for operators and engineers, of polymeric materials extrusion processing in single and twin screw extruders. The next section covers advanced topics including troubleshooting, auxiliary equipment, and coextrusion for operators, engineers, and managers. The final part provides applications case studies in key areas for engineers such as compounding, blown film, extrusion blow molding, coating, foam, and reprocessing. This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. Detailed reference data are provided on such important operating conditions as temperatures, start-up procedures, shear rates, pressure drops, and safety. A practical guide to the selection, design and optimization of extrusion processes and equipment Designed to improve production efficiency and product quality Focuses on practical fault analysis and troubleshooting techniques

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing Technologies written by Ian Gibson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers in detail the various aspects of joining materials to form parts. A conceptual overview of rapid prototyping and layered manufacturing is given, beginning with the fundamentals so that readers can get up to speed quickly. Unusual and emerging applications such as micro-scale manufacturing, medical applications, aerospace, and rapid manufacturing are also discussed. This book provides a comprehensive overview of rapid prototyping technologies as well as support technologies such as software systems, vacuum casting, investment casting, plating, infiltration and other systems. This book also: Reflects recent developments and trends and adheres to the ASTM, SI, and other standards Includes chapters on automotive technology, aerospace technology and low-cost AM technologies Provides a broad range of technical questions to ensure comprehensive understanding of the concepts covered

Download or read book Handbook on Printing Technology Offset Flexo Gravure Screen Digital 3D Printing with Book Binding and CTP 4th Revised Edition written by NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing. Modern technology is radically changing the way publications are printed, inventoried and distributed. Printing technology market is growing, due to technological proliferation along with increasing applications of commercial printing across end users. In India, the market for printing technology is at its nascent stage; however offers huge growth opportunities in the coming years. The major factors boosting the growth of offset printing press market are the growth of packaging industry across the globe, increasing demand in graphic applications, the wide range of application in various industry, and industrialization. 3D printing market is estimated to garner $8.6 billion in coming years. The global digital printing packaging market is expected to exceed more than US$ 40.02 billion by 2026 at a CAGR of 13.9%. Computer-to-plate systems are increasingly being combined with all digital prepress and printing processes. This book is dedicated to the Printing Industry. In this book, the details of printing methods and applications are given. The book throws light on the materials required for the same and the various processes involved. This popular book has been organized to provide readers with a firmer grasp of how printing technologies are revolutionizing the industry. The major content of the book are principles of contact (impression), principles of noncontact printing, coated grades and commercial printing, tests for gravure printing, tests for letterpress printing, tests for offset printing, screen printing, application of screen printing, offset lithography, planography, materials, tools and equipments, sheetfed offset machines, web offset machines, colour and its reproduction, quality control in printing, flexography, rotogravure, creative frees printer, shaftless spearheads expansion, digital printing, 3D printing, 3D printing machinery, book binding, computer-to-plate (ctp) and photographs of machinery with suppliers contact details. A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today's most printing industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of the printing industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on the commercial production of printing products. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene written by Kazuyoshi Tanaka and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene is a timely second edition of the original Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes. Updated to include expanded coverage of the preparation, purification, structural characterization, and common application areas of single- and multi-walled CNT structures, this work compares, contrasts, and, where appropriate, unitizes CNT to graphene. This much expanded second edition reference supports knowledge discovery, production of impactful carbon research, encourages transition between research fields, and aids the formation of emergent applications. New chapters encompass recent developments in the theoretical treatments of electronic and vibrational structures, and magnetic, optical, and electrical solid-state properties, providing a vital base to research. Current and potential applications of both materials, including the prospect for large-scale synthesis of graphene, biological structures, and flexible electronics, are also critically discussed. Updated discussion of properties, structure, and morphology of biological and flexible electronic applications aids fundamental knowledge discovery Innovative parallel focus on nanotubes and graphene enables you to learn from the successes and failures of, respectively, mature and emergent partner research disciplines High-quality figures and tables on physical and mathematical applications expertly summarize key information – essential if you need quick, critically relevant data

Download or read book 3D Printing Architecture written by Carlos BAÑÓN and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates how architectural design advances as a result of the rapid developments in 3D Printing. As this technology become more powerful, faster and cheaper, novel workflows are becoming available and revolutionizing all stages of the design process, from early spatial concepts, to subsequent project development, advanced manufacturing processes, and integration into functional buildings. Based on a literature review and case studies of ten built projects, the book discusses the implications of the ongoing manufacturing revolution for the field of architecture.