Download or read book Menstruation and Procreation in Early Modern France written by Dr Cathy McClive and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early modern bodies, particularly menstruating and pregnant bodies, were not stable signifiers. Menstruation and Procreation in Early Modern France presents the first full-length discussion of menstruation and its uncertain connections with embodied sex, gender and reproduction in early modern France. Attitudes to menstruation are explored in three inter-linked arenas: medicine, moral theology and law across the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Drawing on a wide range of diverse sources, including court records and private documents, the author uses case studies to explore the relationship between the exceptional corporeality of individuals and attempts to construct menstrual norms, reflecting on how early modern individuals, lay or otherwise, grappled with the enigma of menstruation. She analyzes how early modern men and women accounted for the function, recurrence and appearance of menstruation, from its role in maintaining health to the link between other physiological and bodily processes, including those found in both male and female bodies. She questions the assumption that menstruation was exclusively associated with women by the second half of the eighteenth century, arguing that whilst sex-related, menstruation was not sex-specific even at the turn of the nineteenth. Menstruation remains a contentious topic today. This book is not, therefore, simply a study of periods in early modern France, but is also of necessity an exploration about the nature and constitution of historical evidence, particularly bodily evidence and how historians use this evidence. It raises important questions about the concept of certainty and about the value of observation, testimony, expertise, the nature of language and the construction of bodily truths - about the body as witness and the body as evidence.

Download or read book Les Livres de L ann e written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Candide written by By Voltaire and published by BookRix. This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Candide is a French satire by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment. It begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life in an Edenic paradise and being indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism (or simply Optimism) by his mentor, Pangloss. The work describes the abrupt cessation of this lifestyle, followed by Candide's slow, painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great hardships in the world. Voltaire concludes with Candide, if not rejecting optimism outright, advocating a deeply practical precept, "we must cultivate our garden", in lieu of the Leibnizian mantra of Pangloss, "all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds". Candide is characterized by its sarcastic tone, as well as by its erratic, fantastical and fast-moving plot. A picaresque novel it parodies many adventure and romance clichés, the struggles of which are caricatured in a tone that is mordantly matter-of-fact. Still, the events discussed are often based on historical happenings, such as the Seven Years' War and the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. As philosophers of Voltaire's day contended with the problem of evil, so too does Candide in this short novel, albeit more directly and humorously. Voltaire ridicules religion, theologians, governments, armies, philosophies, and philosophers through allegory; most conspicuously, he assaults Leibniz and his optimism. As expected by Voltaire, Candide has enjoyed both great success and great scandal. Immediately after its secretive publication, the book was widely banned because it contained religious blasphemy, political sedition and intellectual hostility hidden under a thin veil of naïveté. However, with its sharp wit and insightful portrayal of the human condition, the novel has since inspired many later authors and artists to mimic and adapt it. Today, Candide is recognized as Voltaire's magnum opus and is often listed as part of the Western canon; it is arguably taught more than any other work of French literature. It was listed as one of The 100 Most Influential Books Ever Written.

Download or read book Library Tracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1852 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Catalogue of Divinity Sermons Classics History Topography and Miscellaneous Literature Including the Library of the Late Rev B Jeanes of Charmouth and Several Other Recent and Valuable Purchases Mostly in Fine Condition and Warranted Perfect Now on Sale at the Reduced Prices Affixed written by William Strong and published by . This book was released on 1839 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Supplementary Papers written by Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1889 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Travaux du Mus um d histoire naturelle Gr Antipa written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dean Alford on Disestablishment written by Henry Alford and published by . This book was released on 1858 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Harvard University Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin of More Important Accessions with Bibliographical Contributions written by Justin Winsor and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the Superintendent of Education of the Province of Quebec for the Year written by Québec (Province). Department of Education and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier written by Elizabeth A. Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key themes of the Enlightenment was the search for universal laws and truths that would help illuminate the workings of the universe. It is in such attitudes that we trace the origins of modern science and medicine. However, not all eighteenth century scientists and physicians believed that such universal laws could be found, particularly in relation to the differences between living and inanimate matter. From the 1740s physicians working in the University of Medicine of Montpellier began to contest Descartes's dualist concept of the body-machine that was being championed by leading Parisian medical 'mechanists'. In place of the body-machine perspective that sought laws universally valid for all phenomena, the vitalists postulated a distinction being living and other matter, offering a holistic understanding of the physical-moral relation in place of mind-body dualism. Their medicine was not based on mathematics and the unity of the sciences, but on observation of the individual patient and the harmonious activities of the 'body-economy'. Vitalists believed that Illness was a result of disharmony in this 'body-economy' which could only be remedied on an individual level depending on the patient's own 'natural' limitations. The limitations were established by a myriad of factors such as sex, class, age, temperament, region, and race, which negated the use of a single universal treatment for a particular ailment. Ultimately Montpelier medicine was eclipsed by that of Paris, a development linked to the dynamics of the Enlightenment as a movement bent on cultural centralisation, acquiring a reputation as a kind of anti-science of the exotic and the mad. Given the long-standing Paris-centrism of French cultural history, Montpellier vitalism has never been accorded the attention it deserves by historians. This study repairs that neglect.

Download or read book Willis s Price Current written by and published by . This book was released on 1856 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spink Son s Monthly Numismatic Circular written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Catalogue of Scientific Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Catalogue of Scientific Literature 1901 14 written by and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bernard Quaritch written by Bernard Quaritch (Firm) and published by . This book was released on 1866 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: