Download or read book 21st Century Complete Guide to Biogas and Methane written by Department of Agriculture (USDA) and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-21 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique compilation provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of biogas, methane, farm recovery processes, manure digesters and processing, the AgSTAR program, landfill methane gas, and the Global Methane Initiative. AgSTAR is focused on livestock producers (typically swine and dairy farms) for implementing methane recovery systems appropriate for confined livestock facilities that handle liquid or slurry manure. Gas recovery systems and digester technologies may provide enhanced environmental (air and water) and financial performance when compared to traditional waste management systems such as manure storages and lagoons. When livestock manure that is handled as a liquid or slurry decomposes anaerobically (without the presence of oxygen), it produces biogas. In waste management systems that are designed for treatment, such as digesters and anaerobic lagoons, biogas consists of about 60 to 70% methane and 30 to 40% carbon dioxide. When these gases are collected and transmitted to a combustion device, such as an electric generator, boiler, or absorption cooler, energy is produced. The captured biogas, which is 60 to 70 percent methane, can be used to generate electricity or replace fossil fuels for other energy needs. Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are the third-largest source of human-related methane emissions in the United States, accounting for approximately 17 percent of these emissions in 2009. At the same time, methane emissions from landfills represent a lost opportunity to capture and use a significant energy resource. Landfill gas (LFG) is created as solid waste decomposes in a landfill. This gas consists of about 50 percent methane (the primary component of natural gas), about 50 percent carbon dioxide (CO2), and a small amount of non-methane organic compounds. Instead of escaping into the air, LFG can be captured, converted, and used as an energy source. Using LFG helps to reduce odors and other hazards associated with LFG emissions, and it helps prevent methane from migrating into the atmosphere and contributing to local smog and global climate change. LFG is extracted from landfills using a series of wells and a blower/flare (or vacuum) system. This system directs the collected gas to a central point where it can be processed and treated depending upon the ultimate use for the gas. From this point, the gas can be flared, used to generate electricity, replace fossil fuels in industrial and manufacturing operations, or upgraded to pipeline-quality gas where the gas may be used directly or processed into an alternative vehicle fuel. The goals of the Global Methane Initiative (GMI), an international public-private partnership, are to reduce global methane emissions to fight climate change, enhance economic growth, strengthen energy security, and improve local environmental quality and industrial safety. Building on experience from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) successful domestic methane emission reduction programs, GMI brings together the public and private sectors to develop projects that can reduce emissions from the agriculture, coal mine, landfill, oil and gas systems, and municipal wastewater sectors. GMI was launched in 2010 based on the strong foundation of the accomplishments of the Methane to Markets Partnership, which was formed in 2004.
Download or read book Methane Production Guide written by Richard Jemmett and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane or biogas is a colourless, odourless, flammable gas and the main constituent, 85% to 90%, of the piped natural gas that we use in our homes in the UK, Europe and the USA. Methane can be made using simple apparatus and a process known as anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most common biological procedures in nature, as the name implies, it means to carry or breakdown in the absence of air. Once you know the principles of this process it is possible to make biogas in small or large quantities from a variety of waste materials. The book describes making an anaerobic digester using an oil drum and a rubber inner tube as the gas storage vessel as well as a larger continuous digester. The book also contains diagrams, list of materials and websites for further reading. The gas produced can be used for cooking and heating and even for running a gas engine.
Download or read book Energy for the 21st Century written by Roy L. Nersesian and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compendium of current knowledge about conventional and alternative sources of energy. It clarifies complex technical issues, enlivens history, and illuminates the policy dilemmas we face today. This revised edition includes new material on biofuels, an expanded section on sustainability and sustainable energy, and updated figures and tables throughout. There are also online instructor materials for those professors who adopt the book for classroom use.
Download or read book Biogas written by Meisam Tabatabaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art in biogas production using anaerobic digestion technology, with an emphasis on waste utilization/valorization. Offering a comprehensive reference guide to biogas production from different waste streams, it covers various aspects of anaerobic digestion technology from the basics, i.e., microbiological aspects to prominent parameters governing biogas production systems, as well as major principles of their operation, analysis, process control, and troubleshooting. Written and edited by internationally recognized experts in the field of biogas production from both academia and industry, it provides in-depth and cutting-edge information on central developments in the field. In addition, it discusses and reviews major issues affecting biogas production, including the type of feedstock, pretreatment techniques, production systems, design and fabrication of biogas plants, as well as biogas purification and upgrading technologies. ‘Biogas: Fundamentals, Process, and Operation’ also addresses the application of advanced environmental and energy evaluation tools including life cycle assessment (LCA), exergy, techno-economics, and modeling techniques. This book is intended for all researchers, practitioners and students who are interested in the current trends and future prospects of biogas production technologies.
Download or read book Energy for the 21st Century written by Roy Nersesian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compendium of current knowledge about conventional and alternative sources of energy. It clarifies complex technical issues, enlivens history, and illuminates the policy dilemmas we face today. This revised edition includes new material on biofuels, an expanded section on sustainability and sustainable energy, and updated figures and tables throughout. There are also online instructor materials for those professors who adopt the book for classroom use.
Download or read book The Biogas Handbook written by Arthur Wellinger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With pressure increasing to utilise wastes and residues effectively and sustainably, the production of biogas represents one of the most important routes towards reaching national and international renewable energy targets. The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications provides a comprehensive and systematic guide to the development and deployment of biogas supply chains and technology. Following a concise overview of biogas as an energy option, part one explores biomass resources and fundamental science and engineering of biogas production, including feedstock characterisation, storage and pre-treatment, and yield optimisation. Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilisation are the focus of part two. Topics considered include the engineering and process control of biogas plants, methane emissions in biogas production, and biogas digestate quality, utilisation and land application. Finally, part three discusses international experience and best practice in biogas utilisation. Biogas cleaning and upgrading to biomethane, biomethane use as transport fuel and the generation of heat and power from biogas for stationery applications are all discussed. The book concludes with a review of market development and biomethane certification schemes. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications is a practical reference to biogas technology for process engineers, manufacturers, industrial chemists and biochemists, scientists, researchers and academics working in this field. Provides a concise overview of biogas as an energy option Explores biomass resources for production Examines plant design and engineering and process optimisation
Download or read book Self Sufficiency for the 21st Century written by Dick and James Strawbridge and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking for a way to reduce your environmental impact? Find your route to a more sustainable lifestyle with Dick Strawbridge and his son James. We can all take steps to reduce our carbon footprint and be more self-sufficient. For some, that might mean heading to the countryside to live off the land. For the rest of us, the reality might involve smaller, but no less important, lifestyle changes: cutting back on plastic or food waste, growing vegetables, preserving meat and fish, preparing jams and chutneys, baking sourdough bread, making your own plant-based milks, or keeping a chicken or two. Dick and James Strawbridge know what it's like to make these changes. Between them, they've lived on a smallholding, in a terraced house, and even a chateau. In this updated book, they share everything they've learned and give you the tools you need for a more rewarding and environmentally-conscious life. Whether you want to completely revamp your lifestyle or just make everyday changes that will make an impact, Self-Sufficiency for the 21st Century is the perfect place to start.
Download or read book 21st Century Homestead Sustainable Agriculture II Farming and Natural Resources written by Marlon Henkel and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-02-22 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 21st Century Homestead: Sustainable Agriculture II contains the second part of everything you need to stay up to date on sustainable agriculture, farming, and natural resources.
Download or read book The Complete Guide to Climate Change written by Brian Dawson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-11-28 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative and easy to use A to Z guide to the key scientific, geographical and socio-political concepts central to the study of climate change. Taking you through the latest thinking on global warming, environmental damage and risk, this book has everything you will need to know perhaps the biggest issue facing mankind today.
Download or read book International Conference on 21st Century Challenges to Sustainable Agri Food Systems written by Nareppa Nagaraj and published by I. K. International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2007 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of late, farming community in India has been facing new challenges of food and nutrition security, human health and structural adjustment to comply with WTO stipulations on the one hand and sustainable environment on the other. The overuse of fertilizers and chemicals, and depleting water resources are essentially threatening the sustainability of Indian agriculture. The slow growth of agriculture sector mainly due to stagnation in productivity growth is a grave concern for policy-makers and development planners. The key challenge to India's agriculture in the 21st century in the wake of open global economy lies in designing, developing and managing agricultural systems that enable farmers to be efficient, equitable and sustainable in the bio-physical and socio-cultural environments. This book has deliberated on the key issues of sustainable agriculture in the context of emerging technologies, policies and institutions by promoting efficiency, equity and better management of natural resources. In the process, thoughts and experience of world-class leaders in agricultural education, research, extension, policy, agri-business and development in addressing the challenges confronting farmers have been documented
Download or read book Biogas Technology written by R. S. Khoiyangbam and published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global demand for energy is met mainly by fossil fuels. Their excessive and indiscriminate use, coupled with increasing demand for energy, will soon deplete their existing reserves. Therefore, it is extremely important to find alternative, environment-friendly, and ecologically sound sources of energy for meeting the present and future energy requirements. Biogas Technology: Towards Sustainable Development makes an attempt to explore the potential of utilizing biodegradable biomass as fuel and manure.
Download or read book A Comprehensive Guide to General Awareness for NRA CET Exam eBook written by Adda247 Publications and published by Adda247 Publications. This book was released on with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ADDA 247 has been consistently working to make the word “SUCCESS” a true companion to NRA CET Exam. As September 2021has just marked its presence, we are delighted to announce that ADDA 247 is launching – “A Comprehensive Guide to General Awareness"
"A Complete Guide to General Awareness for NRA CET Exam” is meticulously divided into chapters explaining the basic concepts followed by conceptual questions to reinforce those concepts. We have also refined the questions by adding practice questions with solutions to give you an insight into the varied kinds of questions you can expect in the exams and ways to tackle them efficiently. There are section wise Questions too that are a special add-on for increasing your proficiency with efficacy and to help you understand the level of competitive examinations. This eBook now covers 3500+ questions with solutions that will help the candidate to clear the NRA CET Exam with ease.
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Download or read book Biogas Technology written by Snehasish Mishra and published by New India Publishing Agency. This book was released on 2019-07-28 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogas is a renewable energy resource that can be an alternative solution for the world's insatiable energy demands while helping in managing waste and reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is also regarded as carbon neutral as the carbon in biogas comes from organic matter (feedstock) that captured this carbon from atmospheric CO2 over a relatively short timescale. This book has been written and compiled to collate latest information on biogas technology to help readers, researchers and extension workers alike to understand the fruitful exploitation of the process. It has fourteen chapters, primarily in three major categories: 01. the first category dealing with the basic biomethanation process including its ecology, microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. 02. the second category dealing with the evolution of the technology in Indian/global scenario from the lab to the land 03. the last category is dealing with the economics of the technology. All the various known and active names in this field of research and development have put their hearts and minds into their contributed chapters. The additional details provided in the Annexures (viz., Model bankable scheme for biogas commercialisation venture; Frequently asked questions in adopting biogas technology; Common terminologies in biogas research; Glossary of abbreviations and symbols frequently used in biogas research; and Prominent global entities in biogas R&D and commercialisation) double the usefulness of the compilation.
Download or read book Bioenergy Research written by Neha Srivastava and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BIOENERGY RESEARCH Evaluates challenges and sustainable solutions associated with various biofuel technologies Bioenergy Research offers an authoritative guide to recent developments in green bioenergy technologies that are currently available including: bioethanol, biobutanol, biomethanol, bio-oil, biohydrogen, biogas and biomethane. The authors provide in-depth analysis and discuss the commercial viability of the various technological advances in bioenergy. Comprehensive in scope, the book explores the environmental, practical and economic implications associated with a variety of bioenergy options. The book also considers the rollback of fossil fuels, the cost and their replacement as well as practical solutions for these issues. This important resource: Presents up-to-date research and industrial developments for various bioenergy options Offers comparative evaluation of bioenergy technologies for commercial feasibility Reviews current challenges and sustainable solutions for a variety of biofuel technologies Contains a review of existing strategies for bioenergy production Bioenergy Research is a valuable guide for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fields of biofuels and bioenergy, environmental science and technology, microbial technology, bioprocess engineering, and waste valorization.
Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.
Download or read book Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.
