Download or read book 2013 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade written by Office of the United States Trade Representative and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and advances U.S. efforts to identify and eliminate standards-related measures that act as significant barrier to U.S. trade. The report consists of following key components: An introduction to standards-related measures, including the genesis of this report and the growing importance of standards-related measures in international trade (Section III); An overview of standards-related trade obligations, in particular rules governing standards-related measures under the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) and U.S. free trade agreements (Section IV); A description of the U.S. legal framework for implementing its standards-related trade obligations (Section V); A discussion of standards, including the role of international standards in facilitating trade and fulfilling legitimate public policy objectives and federal agencies' participation in standards development (Section VI) An elaboration on conformity assessment procedures, including federal agencies' use of conformity assessment and the possibility for international systems of conformity assessment to facilitate trade (Section VII); A description of how the U.S. Government identifies technical barriers to trade and the process of interagency and stakeholder consultation it employs to determine how to address them (Section VIII); An explanation of how the United States engages with its trading partners to address standards-related measures that act as barriers and prevent creation of new barriers through multilateral, regional, and bilateral channels, including the WTO's Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Committee) and cooperative activities under the APEC Subcommittee on Standards and Conformance, among others (Section IX); A summary of current trends regarding standards-related measures trends relating to standards-related measures (Section X); and An identification and description of significant standards-related trade barriers currently facing U.S. exporters, along with U.S. government initiatives to eliminate or reduce the impact of these barriers (Section XI) in 17countries – Argentina, Brazil, China, Chile, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan, Turkey, and Vietnam – as well as the European Union (EU).
Download or read book 2014 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade written by United States United States Trade Representative and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-28 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year the USTR publishes its fifth annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Report). This report was created to respond to the concerns of U.S. companies, farmers, ranchers, and manufacturers, which increasingly encounter nontariff trade barriers in the form of product standards, testing requirements, and other technical requirements as they seek to sell products and services around the world. As tariff barriers to industrial and agricultural trade have fallen, some standards-related measures have emerged as a key concern. Governments, market participants, and other entities can use standards-related measures as an effective and efficient means of achieving legitimate commercial and policy objectives, such as protection of the environment, human health and safety. But when standards-related measures are outdated, overly burdensome, discriminatory, or otherwise inappropriate, these measures can reduce competition, stifle innovation, and create unnecessary technical barriers to trade. These kinds of measures can pose a particular problem for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which often do not have the resources to address these problems on their own. USTR is committed to identifying and combating unwarranted technical barriers to U.S. exports, many of which are detailed in this report. Since the last TBT Report was released, the United States has significantly advanced its efforts to resolve concerns with standards-related measures that act as unjustifiable barriers to trade and to prevent their emergence. USTR will continue its work to resolve and prevent standards-related trade concerns through new and existing cooperative initiatives in the World Trade Organization (WTO), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), U.S. free trade agreements (FTAs), and other fora. In addition USTR will continue working to conclude on the negotiation of a modernized Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) chapter in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) that builds on and strengthens TBT disciplines contained in the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). In addition, in June 2013, President Obama and European Union (EU) leaders launched negotiations on a comprehensive trade and investment agreement, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP). As conveyed in the February 2013 United States-European Union High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth (HLWG) Final Report, the United States and the EU are committed to working together to open markets in goods, services and investment, reduce nontariff barriers, and address global trade issues of common concern. Both parties seek to build on the horizontal disciplines of the WTO TBT Agreement, establish ongoing mechanisms for improved dialogue and cooperation for addressing bilateral technical barriers to trade (TBT) issues, and pursue opportunities for greater regulatory compatibility with the objective of reducing unnecessary costs stemming from regulatory differences in specific sectors. Again in 2014, USTR will engage vigorously with other agencies of the U.S. Government, as well as interested stakeholders, to press for tangible progress by U.S. trading partners in removing unwarranted or overly burdensome technical barriers. We will fully utilize our toolkit of bilateral, regional and multilateral agreements and mechanisms in order to dismantle unjustifiable barriers to safe, high quality U.S. industrial, consumer, and agricultural exports and strengthen the rules-based trading system. Recognizing that U.S. economic and employment recovery and growth continue to rely importantly on the strength of U.S. exports of goods, services, and agricultural products; we will be redoubling our efforts to ensure that the technical barriers that inhibit those exports are steadily diminished.
Download or read book National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers written by United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2011 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade written by Office of Office of the United States Trade Representative and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-28 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) publishes its second annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Report). This report was created to respond to the concerns of U.S. companies, farmers, ranchers and manufacturers, which increasingly encounter non-tariff trade barriers in the form of product standards, testing requirements, and other technical requirements as they seek to sell products and services around the world. As tariff barriers to industrial and agricultural trade have fallen, standards-related measures of this kind have emerged as a primary concern. Governments, market participants and other entities can use standards-related measures as an effective and efficient means of achieving legitimate commercial and policy objectives. But when standards-related measures are outdated, overly burdensome, discriminatory, or otherwise inappropriate, these measures can reduce competition, stifle innovation, and create unnecessary technical barriers to trade. These kinds of measures can pose a particular problem for SMEs, which often do not have the resources to address these problems on their own. USTR is committed to identifying and combating unwarranted technical barriers to U.S. exports, many of which are detailed in this report. USTR's efforts to prevent and remove foreign technical barriers serve the President's goal of doubling U.S. exports by the end of 2014 through the National Export Initiative. Since the last TBT Report was released, the United States has launched new initiatives to promote greater international cooperation among regulatory authorities, trade officials, and standards experts to prevent the emergence of unjustifiable barriers to U.S. exports. We have made progress, for example, in encouraging our trading partners to address unwarranted or burdensome technical regulations through the U.S.-EU High-Level Regulatory Cooperation Forum, the U.S.-Mexico High-Level Regulatory Cooperation Council, the U.S.-Canada Regulatory Cooperation Council, and other fora. We have also taken successful steps to eliminate or reduce specific foreign barriers to U.S. exports, such as Indonesias rules limiting U.S. poultry and meat imports and Mexicos nutrition labeling requirements that impeded exports of American pre-packaged foods, among others. This year, USTR will continue to work with other agencies of the U.S. Government, as well as interested stakeholders, to encourage U.S. trading partners to remove their unwarranted or overly burdensome technical barriers. As always, we will engage all available bilateral, regional, and multilateral contexts in our efforts to dismantle unjustifiable barriers to safe, high-quality U.S. industrial, consumer, and agricultural exports and strengthen the rules-based trading system. For example, in our capacity as host of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in 2011, the United States has made cross-border regulatory cooperation and convergence a top priority for action. We look forward to making further progress on behalf of American manufacturers, workers, farmers, ranchers, and service providers, as well as families who depend on trade-supported American jobs.
Download or read book Technical Barriers to Trade written by CM Research (NZ) and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Handbook on the WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade written by Tracey Epps and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congratulations on an outstanding book on the WTO TBT Agreement! International regulations and standards reflect societies' fundamental choices. Regulating and monitoring them is complex, and the renowned co-authors of this book have well understood the multi-faceted matters at stake. In this book, world experts have seized a unique opportunity provided by the wealth of recent TBT jurisprudence to analyse the different dimensions of the TBT Agreement, a WTO agreement little discussed up to now. WTO experts as well as anyone interested in the reach of WTO law into the balance between national sovereignty and the need for international co-operation must read this book.' - Gabrielle Marceau, WTO, Legal Affairs Division, UNIGE and Graduate Institute, Geneva, Switzerland A relatively new frontier for legal and policy analysis, technical barriers to trade (TBT's) have become more common as traditional border barriers have been reduced. This comprehensive Handbook comprises original essays by eminent trade scholars exploring the implications of the WTO's TBT Agreement. The TBT Agreement imposes disciplines on the manner in which WTO member countries adopt and maintain technical measures, recognizing the importance of such measures to advance legitimate domestic policy goals such as health, safety and environmental objectives, but also the potential for technical measures to constitute barriers to trade. The contributors to this volume provide an in-depth examination of the text of the Agreement and how the WTO's dispute settlement system, the TBT Committee, WTO members, and other international organizations have engaged with and been affected by it. The book's comprehensive and accessible approach makes it a first point of reference for all trade law practitioners, policymakers and regulators. For scholars and students, the Handbook will prove essential reading for a deeper understanding of trade law. Contributors A.E. Appleton, A. Arcuri, M. Cardwell, H. Churchman, M.M. Du, T. Epps, C. Gascoigne, L. Gruszczynski, B. Hazucha, R. Howse, A. Kudryavtsev, P.C. Mavroidis, G. Mayeda, A. Mitchell, D. Prévost, F. Smith, J.P. Trachtman, M.J. Trebilcock, T. Voon, M. Wagner, E.N. Wijkström
Download or read book The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008 written by and published by World Economic Forum. This book was released on 2008 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Law and Practice of the Common Commercial Policy written by Michael Hahn and published by Studies in Eu External Relatio. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Présentation de l'éditeur : "Law and Practice of the Common Commercial Policy provides a critical analysis of the European Union (EU)'s trade law and policy since the Treaty of Lisbon. In particular, it analyses the salient changes brought by the Treaty of Lisbon to the Common Commercial Policy (CCP), focussing on the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ), EU free trade agreements, investment protection, trade defence, institutional developments and the nexus between the CCP and other EU policies. The volume brings together a group of distinguished authors, including former and current members of the ECJ, practitioners, officials from EU institutions and Member States and leading scholars in the area of EU trade and external relations law."
Download or read book Ensuring Quality to Gain Access to Global Markets written by Martin Kellermann and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a modern world with rapidly growing international trade, countries compete less based on the availability of natural resources, geographical advantages, and lower labor costs and more on factors related to firms' ability to enter and compete in new markets. One such factor is the ability to demonstrate the quality and safety of goods and services expected by consumers and confirm compliance with international standards. To assure such compliance, a sound quality infrastructure (QI) ecosystem is essential. Jointly developed by the World Bank Group and the National Metrology Institute of Germany, this guide is designed to help development partners and governments analyze a country's quality infrastructure ecosystems and provide recommendations to design and implement reforms and enhance the capacity of their QI institutions.
Download or read book International Standardization and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade written by Andrea Barrios Villarreal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the international standardization system generally, with a specific focus on some of the bodies within this system. It also questions the lack of definition regarding several features related to the system, notably an international standardizing body and international standards in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
Download or read book The World Trade Organization written by International Trade Law Center and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 3142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors have succeeded in bringing together an excellent mix of leading scholars and practitioners. No book on the WTO has had this wide a scope before or covered the legal framework, economic and political issues, current and would-be countries and a outlook to the future like these three volumes do. 3000 pages, 80 chapters in 3 volumes cover a very interdiscplinary field that touches upon law, economics and politics.
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Download or read book Digital trade and U S trade policy written by Rachel F. Fefer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transparency in the WTO SPS and TBT Agreements written by Marianna B. Karttunen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents transparency as a key tool for managing trade disputes on regulatory barriers between WTO Members.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and International Economic Law written by Shin-yi Peng and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-14 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming economies, societies, and geopolitics. Enabled by the exponential increase of data that is collected, transmitted, and processed transnationally, these changes have important implications for international economic law (IEL). This volume examines the dynamic interplay between AI and IEL by addressing an array of critical new questions, including: How to conceptualize, categorize, and analyze AI for purposes of IEL? How is AI affecting established concepts and rubrics of IEL? Is there a need to reconfigure IEL, and if so, how? Contributors also respond to other cross-cutting issues, including digital inequality, data protection, algorithms and ethics, the regulation of AI-use cases (autonomous vehicles), and systemic shifts in e-commerce (digital trade) and industrial production (fourth industrial revolution). This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Facilitating Trade Through Regulatory Cooperation written by World Trade Organization and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WTO plays an important role in supporting efforts to achieve international regulatory cooperation (IR C) and to facilitate trade. First, the WTO provides a multilateral framework for trade among its 164 members, with a view to ensuring that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. Second, the WTO's Agreements provide important legal disciplines, helping to promote good regulatory practice and IR C at the domestic level as a means of reducing unnecessary barriers to trade. This publication highlights how the WTO's Agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and the work of their related Committees promote opportunities for regulatory cooperation among governments and ease trade frictions. It demonstrates how members' notification of draft measures, harmonisation of measures with international standards, discussion of specific trade concerns and other practices help to facilitate global trade in goods. The study also makes recommendations on how to benefit further from the transparency and cooperation opportunities provided by the TBT and SPS Agreements.
Download or read book The History and Future of the World Trade Organization written by Craig VanGrasstek and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History and Future of the World Trade Organization is a comprehensive account of the economic, political and legal issues surrounding the creation of the WTO and its evolution. Fully illustrated with colour and black-and-white photos dating back to the early days of trade negotiations, the publication reviews the WTO's achievements as well as the challenges faced by the organisation, and identifies the key questions that WTO members need to address in the future. The book describes the intellectual roots of the trading system, membership of the WTO and the growth of the Geneva trade community, trade negotiations and the development of coalitions among the membership, and the WTO's relations with other international organisations and civil society. Also covered are the organisation's robust dispute settlement rules, the launch and evolution of the Doha Round, the rise of regional trade agreements, and the leadership and management of the WTO.
