Download or read book Genomic Selection Lessons Learned and Perspectives written by Johannes W. R. Martini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-15 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic selection (GS) has been the most prominent topic in breeding science in the last two decades. The continued interest is promoted by its huge potential impact on the efficiency of breeding. Predicting a breeding value based on molecular markers and phenotypic values of relatives may be used to manipulate three parameters of the breeder's equation. First, the accuracy of the selection may be improved by predicting the genetic value more reliably when considering the records of relatives and the realized genomic relationship. Secondly, genotyping and predicting may be more cost effective than comprehensive phenotyping. Resources can instead be allocated to increasing population sizes and selection intensity. The third, probably most important factor, is time. As shown in dairy cattle breeding, reducing cycle time by crossing selection candidates earlier may have the strongest impact on selection gain. Many different prediction models have been used, and different ways of using predicted values in a breeding program have been explored. We would like to address the questions: i. How did GS change breeding schemes of different crops in the last 20 years? ii. What was the impact on realized selection gain? iii. What would be the best structure of a crop-specific breeding scheme to exploit the full potential of GS? iv. What is the potential of hybrid prediction, epistasis effect models, deep learning methods and other extensions of the standard prediction of additive effects? v. What are the long-term effects of GS? vi. Can predictive breeding approaches also be used to harness genetic resources from germplasm banks in a more efficient way to adapt current germplasm to new environmental challenges? This Research Topic welcomes submissions of Original Research papers, Opinions, Perspectives, Reviews, and Mini-Reviews related to these themes: 1. Genomic selection: statistical methodology 2. The (optimal) use of GS in breeding schemes 3. Practical experiences with GS (selection gain, long-term effects, negative side effects) 4. Predictive approaches to harness genetic resources Concerning point 1): If an original research paper compares different methods empirically without theoretical considerations on when one or the other method should be better, the methods should be compared with at least five different data sets. The data sets should differ either in crop, genotyping method or its source, for instance from a breeding program or gene bank accessions. Concerning point 2): Manuscripts addressing the use of GS in breeding schemes should illustrate breeding schemes that are run in practice. General ideas about schemes that may be run in the future may be considered as 'Perspective' articles. Conflict of Interest statements: - Topic Editor Valentin Wimmer is affiliated to KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Germany. - Topic Editor Brian Gardunia is affiliated to Bayer Crop Sciences and has a collaboration with AbacusBio, and is an author on patents with Bayer Crop Sciences. The other Topic Editors did not disclose any conflicts of interest. Image credit: CIMMYT, reproduced under the CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license

Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.

Download or read book Iowa Year Book of Agriculture written by Iowa. Dept. of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Iowa and Nebraska Views on Federal Agriculture and Rural Policies written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantifying and Understanding Plant Nitrogen Uptake for Systems Modeling written by Liwang Ma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses New Advancements to Improve Existing Simulations of Plant NitrogenWritten by research pioneers and leading scientists in the area of agricultural systems, Quantifying and Understanding Plant Nitrogen Uptake for Systems Modeling comprehensively covers plant N uptake in agricultural system models, especially for building soil-plant system m

Download or read book Iowa Year Book of Agriculture written by Iowa. Department of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm

Download or read book Annual Iowa Year Book of Agriculture written by Iowa. Department of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes proceedings, reports, statistics, etc. of different county and district agricultural institutes and societies.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving the Profitability Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro Ecosystems written by Andre Bationo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of its efforts to improve fertilizer use and efficiency in West Africa, and following the recent adoption of the West African fertilizer recommendation action plan (RAP) by ECOWAS, this volume focuses on IFDC's technical lead with key partner institutions and experts to build on previous and current fertilizer recommendations for various crops and countries in West Africa for wider uptake by public policy makers and fertilizer industry actors.

Download or read book Bulletin written by Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Molecular Characterization of Humic Substances and Regulatory Processes Activated in Plants 2nd edition written by Serenella Nardi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main challenges of sustainable agriculture is improving food production while reducing significant impact on the soil, water, and other environmental resources. In this context, the use of humic substances extracted from different substrates in agricultural practices has been envisioned as a promising nature-like and environmental-friendly technology to support crop yield and quality. Humic substances, deriving from chemical and biological transformations of biota materials, represent an intrinsic component of soil organic matter (SOM) consisting of associations of relatively small humic molecules linked together through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Because of their distinctive physicochemical features, they are used in several industrial and agricultural applications and in remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils. Humic substances are of pivotal importance for environmental protection by conditioning soils and improving their stability and resistance to erosion. In addition, they possess inherent hormone-like nature and exhibit biological activity. This is often associated with complementary action of soil microbiota and is manifested in their capacity to modulate the transport and bioavailability of nutrients to plants, influence root growth and architecture, enhance crop yields and regulate the expression of a broad array of genes involved in plant metabolism, development and resistance to stress. Despite significant efforts to explain the molecular structure of humic substances and its relationship with a plurality of physiological responses and signalling networks triggered in plants, several functional aspects still need to be clarified. One major issue is that humic substances possess a very complex structure, which accounts for their multifaceted biological action. Therefore, this Research Topic aims to update the knowledge on humic substances by improving the current understanding of their structure and interactions with plants and associated rhizosphere microorganisms, thus shining light on the mechanisms and cellular signalling pathways through which humic substances target specific plant metabolic routes and elicit physiological responses. Implications of such interactions are expected to be assessed using differential methodological approaches, under either small scale trials or field conditions, in view of developing advanced and sustainable agriculture technologies aimed at improving crop yield and food quality.

Download or read book Rainfed Farming Systems written by Philip Tow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-16 with total page 1324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While a good grasp of the many separate aspects of agriculture is important, it is equally essential for all those involved in agriculture to understand the functioning of the farming system as a whole and how it can be best managed. It is necessary to re-assess and understand rain-fed farming systems around the world and to find ways to improve the selection, design and operation of such systems for long term productivity, profitability and sustainability. The components of the system must operate together efficiently; yet many of the relationships and interactions are not clearly understood. Appreciation of these matters and how they are affected by external influences or inputs are important for decision making and for achieving desirable outcomes for the farm as a whole. This book analyses common rain-fed farming systems and defines the principles and practices important to their effective functioning and management.

Download or read book 2000 Iowa Crop Performance Test Corn District 5 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agriculture Agronomy written by University Microfilms International and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nitrogen Management in Crop Production written by Nand Kumar Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main approaches for safeguarding food security, sustainable development has increased demand for knowledge on fertilizer management in crop production. Among essential plant nutrients, nitrogen is one of the most important yield-limiting nutrients, mainly responsible for determining yield and yield components in cereals and legumes. It i